Management Research Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Research Proposal - Assignment Example Being able to increase profit margins has been one of the main points of interest among most shareholders (Moynihan 2012). Top managements of organizations have found themselves in the state of concentrating their attention towards profit maximization, as desired by shareholders. However there is one important aspect of management that need to be given attention by shareholders, management and other members of staff in an organization. Both non-profit and profit making organizations need to identify monitor and benchmark their operational activities. The progress of organizations can not just be measured in terms of profits made only but a thorough understanding of key performance factors has to be considered (Ngo 2013). Various assessment techniques need to be used by organizational management in determining the progress as well as impacts brought about by their operational activities. Managers ought to determine all relevant factors detailing the progress made by their organization (IÅŸÄ ±k 2013). Since the visions, missions and goals are aimed at outlining activities as well as offering guidelines on the desired actions to be undertaken by organizations, managers need to keep track of progress attained (Luo 2012). Therefore, this research proposal will seek to determine the need for organizational managers to embrace performance indicators in assessing the level of progress achieved (PopoviÄ  2012). The main reason leading to selection of the role of performance indicators towards success of business an organization was as a result of interacting with managers from different organizations. Most of them were concerned about identifying approaches that could enable them monitor the progress registered by their organizations as well as gauging achievements that can be clearly presented to both internal and external clients. Almost every successful business organizations apply performance indicators.

Does Ethnicity and Language to the Degree of Parent Involvement in Schools Essay Example for Free

Does Ethnicity and Language to the Degree of Parent Involvement in Schools Essay Many recent studies have indicated that parent involvement can make significant differences to outcomes at schools. Why some parents become involved more than others in their childrens education has been the subject of past studies, and ethnic minority status (especially Black and Hispanic) have been associated in the past with poor involvement compared to whites. But other studies have shown completely opposite conclusions i. e. parental involvement is higher in ethnic groups than whites. The critique: This questionnaire study of teachers and parents was a multi-dimensional investigation into the role of ethnicity in parental involvement in schooling found that Black parents perceive that they take a more active role in their childrens schooling than any other ethnic group. By contrast the teachers perceptions on the issue were drastically opposite – teachers reported much lower levels of alliance with Black parents than White or Hispanic parents. The fact that fewer than 4% of teachers in this study were blacks probably has been a significant factor in this regard. One of the main weaknesses of this study is a lack of verifiability – it was entirely based on questionnaires, without any involvement of students themselves. Secondly the fact that the population consisted entirely of low-performers may have introduced a source of bias in the study. There were also inadequate measures of ruling out the effect of other confounding factors e. g. education level, incomes of households which made it difficult to compare ethnicity properly. Finally, some ethnic groups returned more questionnaire than others, making it difficult to conduct a like for like study. Conclusion : More studies are needed, carried out in a more rigorous method, before the true effect of ethnicity on parental involvement with schools can be established.

Hamlet theme of appearance vs. reality Essay -- essays research papers

Shakespeare examines the theme of appearance and reality in his book-Hamlet. The dilemma of what is "real" is established at the very beginning of the play. Hamlet doesn’t know what to believe and devises a plan to find out. The old king Hamlet appears to be bitten by a snake, but in reality he was poisoned, the ghost appears as an apparition, but it’s actually real, and the play-with-in-a-play strongly depicts the theme of appearance vs. reality. The dead King appears to have been bitten by a snake. In reality, he has been poisoned. Everyone believes that the king died from snakebite, but once Hamlet knows the truth he is unsettled by the revelation. When Hamlet's dead father directs his son to, â€Å"Avenge him of his foul and most unnatural murder† (1.5. 25), Hamlet's response shows determination to act and a curiosity to know all the facts surrounding the murder: (1.5. 29-31) "Haste me to know't, that I, with wings as swift, as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge.† Hamlet's choice of image is significant here. A person who wants to take revenge rarely has "thoughts of love" but only concentrates upon thoughts of revenge, but Hamlet's thirst for revenge is immediate and deep. Shakespeare also develops the theme of appearance vs. reality when Hamlet resents his mother's insinuation that he is putting on a show of being grief-stricken. Strangely, he is the only one in th e family who is truly mourning ...

Cultural Awareness in Counselling Practices Essay

I have chosen to focus this assignment on the Aboriginal and Vietnamese cultures. I hope to be working in an area which will have these two cultures as the dominant groups. The reason I have focussed on Vietnamese refugees instead of the culture of Vietnam as a whole is that the facility I hope to work in has refugees as its main client group. I will give an overview of my research into how best to work in a counselling relationship with people from Aboriginal and Vietnamese cultures, ensuring that I am as culturally sensitive and aware as possible. Aboriginal culture and counselling: Most research indicates that cultural barriers are the major reason why Aboriginal people are discouraged or dissuaded from using the mental health service. As practitioners, counsellors have often failed to identify, acknowledge and recognise the central role of Indigenous culture. Historically, there has been a long period of mistrust among the Aboriginal people and white Australians. Federal governments for much of the twentieth century developed paternalistic policies and practices that regarded the removal of children from Aboriginal families as essential for their welfare. Continuing statutory responsibilities for the protection of children have made many Aboriginal women fear approaching the Department of Family and Community Services for assistance, especially in domestic violence and child abuse issues. It is a fact that Aboriginal people have and continue to experience being discriminated against by white Australians. A large socio-economic gap exists between white Australians and Aboriginal people. Despite there having been recorded experiences of both Aboriginal counsellors and non-Aboriginal counsellors attempting to keep Aboriginal clients engaged in the mental health service, it is evident that some Aboriginal clients may only turn up for one or two sessions but drop out of the system. The possible factors behind their lack of motivation to keep engaging in counselling service may lie in the means of assistance they are looking for. The problems of engaging Aboriginal clients in mental health services exist mainly because mainstream services have not provided relevant responses to their crisis situation. Aboriginal clients would first seek practical assistance such as refugee accommodation and food, and they would also seek assistance from their families, extended families or their own communities. Aboriginal people have retained strong kinship ties and extended family commitments. As in traditional times, Aboriginal people feel a great obligation to their kinship ties. The extended family will always be first in helping if there is a crisis or even a slight problem. Only when they cannot get enough or suitable help from their extended family or their own community, will they turn to outside help or support. There are particular issues to be aware of when working in a counselling role with Aboriginal clients. For example, it is not suitable to refer to a dead person by name and Aboriginal people view hallucination or delusion as spiritual experience not necessarily as symptoms of mental illness. Eye contact is considered offensive to Aboriginal people. Making eye contact (particularly with some one of the opposite sex) is shaming. Gender rules within Aboriginal cultures are important and must be respected whenever possible regarding intervention. Ideally, women staff should work with women and male staff should work with men. Women may feel embarrassed talking to male staff and men may feel shame if helped by female staff. In building a trust with Aboriginal people, most Aboriginal people would prefer to work with an Aboriginal worker regarding their problems. However situations may arise where clients may know or be related to an Aboriginal worker. They may feel shame or be restricted through kinship rules in discussing personal problems with them. Fear that the worker will breach confidentiality with the local community may be another concern. Where possible, clients should be given the choice of both Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal workers. Aboriginal clients will usually take the initiative in seeking assistance when a crisis emerges, such as domestic violence or services being disconnected, or having no money to buy food and other essentials for their children. Aboriginal people would first consider practical forms of assistance, such crisis care, financial assistance, medical services, accommodation, food when a domestic problem arises. This sort of assistance is what they really need and want, not just â€Å"talk therapy†. Before they can sort out their basic living problems, they may not have the capacity or attention to deal with other psychological issues. Once Aboriginal clients have settled down and can take a calmer approach to their predicament, it still does not guarantee they will stay with the mental health service. It is not uncommon that once they have solved a problem, they will feel it not necessary to remain a part of the service but may come back a few months later for help when another issue arises. If mental health service workers, for example, have patiently developed a good relationship or rapport with them, counsellors can take advantage of this by reminding their clients of the good they can do when relationships or domestic situations are at risk. The ability of counsellors to invite clients to talk about their problems may make it possible to explore other problems. Aboriginal clients’ particular issues or crises may be linked to other problems, such as child abuse, alcoholism, mental health, unemployment and parenting problems. It is crucial for counsellors to build a trusting relationship with the Aboriginal community. A relationship that is simply based on â€Å"talk therapy† will not work for Aboriginal clients. Counsellors need to know where to get practical assistance for Aboriginal clients. Otherwise, Aboriginal clients may only turn to those services that they feel can really assist them. A counselling service that provides support and practical assistance can become a meaningful referral point within the Aboriginal community. Vietnamese refugees and counselling: My research found that there are three recommended points of entry for developing trust and rapport with Vietnamese refugees. These are: Self- presentation of the Counsellor; Approaching the problem and Working through an Issue. Self Presentation of the Counsellor: The style and presentation of the counsellor could be described as ‘being a friend’ to the traumatised client. ‘Being a friend’ does not at all mean shedding the professional counselling role with boundaries and ethics, but rather means that counsellors dealing with these clients should be caring, sharing and acting as a true friend would normally be. Communicating caring to Vietnamese clients is being friendly, warm, interested in family, attentive to concerns raised, being an empathic listener, trying to understand and respond to non-verbal communications, and being ready to assist with practical matters. Presenting ‘as a friend’ also means that counsellors may initially have to share, or disclose, a little more about themselves than usual. This is often necessary to put Vietnamese clients at ease and win their trust. Another dimension of being a ‘friendly’ counsellor is being a ‘friend in need’. Many counsellors of Indochinese refugee clients have found it vital to assume multiple helping roles and to be actively involved in providing them with practical assistance or concrete services that provide immediate results, before engaging them in dealing with past trauma or in making important self-disclosures. Approaching a problem: The success of establishing trust and rapport with Vietnamese clients is not only dependent upon the way that counsellors present themselves as described above, but also upon the way they approach a problem. Within Vietnamese culture there are distinct ways of dealing with problems. Prominent features of the Vietnamese style include indirect expression of feelings, reluctance to confront conflictual situations, preference for allowing time to work out seemingly insoluble problems, and reliance on personal inner strength in facing difficulties. Given the quite different ways of dealing with problems in Vietnamese culture, we would like to suggest that non-Vietnamese counsellors have to move slowly and gently and approach with the right timing. Following a respectful, slow pace suitable to the client is important, especially during the rapport building stage, to avoid jarring or offending the client. The timing of approaching the problem is important for maintaining the relationship and for resolving the problem. If the counsellor takes the initiative to bring up an issue, it is important to do this gently, keeping in mind the cultural norm of ‘saving face’ and the risk of confrontation. Working through an Issue: As issues begin to be worked through, there are three suggested ways of continuing to build rapport and trust with Vietnamese clients: working with somatisation, working from here and now and working through the family. A great number of Vietnamese refugees express their experience of emotional distress under the guise of physical symptoms such as headache, fatigue, insomnia. As somatisation is a culturally acceptable way of presenting mental problems, counsellors can work with these problems first, before moving onto deeper levels. Most Vietnamese refugees are concerned with day-to-day survival. Offering them practical assistance is seen as offering much needed help and assisting to set up a trusting relationship and also an external environment in which emotional issues can be more safely worked through. For Vietnamese, the family plays an important role, in a resettlement country as well as in their country of origin. It appears to be present and influential in many issues, which the Vietnamese client discusses in the session. The family can support or sabotage the relationship between the therapist and the patient. Therefore, in post-trauma counselling with Vietnamese clients, dealing with the family dimension is crucial for the building of trust and understanding and for the success of the intervention. As in all counselling interventions, it is essential to build trust between Vietnamese-born clients and their counsellors. Points of entry rather than barriers have been referred to in the three aspects of counselling refugees. Credibility and giving are seen as being crucial in this process. Counselling can be of great benefit to helping Vietnamese refugees on the road to recovery from trauma. Vietnamese refugees have a great need for company, because they have suffered multiple losses, including faith in the goodness of humanity. Through a counsellor establishing a trusting relationship with them, they could regain this faith, so as to enable them to live the life that they have made huge sacrifices for. Prior to undertaking this assignment I had felt that my cultural awareness of both the Aboriginal and Vietnamese communities was very high. I have travelled extensively in Vietnam and had the opportunity to teach English there. My research into trauma and Vietnamese refugee status in Australia has certainly changed a lot of my views. I could almost say that with my basic Vietnamese language and extensive travels I had been feeling almost complacency about dealing with Vietnamese clients. I have learned that there are many parallels between the Aboriginal and Vietnamese refugee cultures. Both are in trauma; both need to have their immediate needs met before effective counselling can take place. My research into Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs has certainly given the actual practice of counselling clients in trauma an effective framework to work within. As does Erikson’s Stages of Development. Traumatised clients will have interrupted stages of development. These will need to be addressed after the initial and immediate needs are met. I had also felt that I had a particularly good understanding of the Aboriginal culture, having worked in Indigenous education. My research for this assignment highlighted that there are many gaps to my understanding. I had not taken into account that many Aboriginal people are actually in severe crisis when they do seek help. Similar to the Vietnamese people in trauma, they would first try to find support within their kin, tribe or immediate family. When a breakdown of this occurs, outside help is sought but this is fraught with fear, shame and often misunderstanding. This has been a vital assignment for me to undertake and I will continue to seek current research and counselling developments in the areas of Aboriginal mental health and refugee trauma counselling. References Armstrong, T. (2002). Counselling Interventions and Indigenous mental health. Medicine Australia,http://www.medicineau.net.au/clinical/abhealth/abhealt1345.html. Blagg, H. (2000). Crisis Intervention in Aboriginal Family Violence, Summary report. Crime Research Centre, University of Western Australia. Chambers, A. (1990). Responding to Domestic Violence: Spouse Abuse. Guidelines to Practice. Department for Community Services, Western Australia, September 1990. Nguyen & Robin Bowles authors, published in the Journal of Australian Social Work, June 1998.

Solubility Curves

Water Chemical formula- H2O State at room temperature- Liquid Colour- Clear Melting point- 0oC Boiling point- 100oC Water- good solvent and a range of substances will dissolve in it. What happens when a sugar lump dissolves in water? When the sugar dissolves†¦ -The moving water molecules crash into the sugar particles -The sugar particles then break away from the crystal and into the water -The sugar and water particles then mix and diffuse evenly throughout.Copper sulphate- blue crystals, hydrated because they have water trapped within them. When they are heated this water evaporates, the crystals become dehydrated and turn white. Equation for this Reaction. CuSo4 5H2O —> CuSo4 + 5H2O Solute- Solid which is dissolving Solvent- liquid in which the solute dissolves Solution- the solute and solvent mixed together Sodium hydroxide- Soluble Copper Oxide- insoluble Calcium hydroxide- Insoluble Silver iodide- insoluble Aluminium nitrate- solubleMost ionic substances will dissol ve in water but covalent substances usually wont dissolve. Solubility of a solute = mass of a solid required to a saturate 100g of water at a particular temperature. Calculating Solubility 2g potassium chlorate dissolves in 20g water at 28oC what is its solubility? 2 x 100/20 = 10. 0g potassium chlorate/100g water 4g potassium sulphate dissloves in 30g water at 50oC what is its solubilty? 4 x 100/30 = 13. 33g potassium sulphate/100g water 0g sodium chloride dissolves in 75g water at 10oC what is its solubility? 30 x 100/75 = 40g sodium chloride/100g water Solubility Of Gases Carbon dioxide is the gas which is dissolved in fizzy drinks to make the fizz. What happened when you placed sprite in a boiling tube and gave it a shake? The sprite fizzed up. What happened after you heated the sprite then gave it a shake again? If fizzed just a little Carbon dioxide is more soluble in cold liquid. The solubility of gases decreases as the temperature increases.

Bugs Emotions essays

Bugs Emotions essays Recently in class, we did a study on potato bugs, and how you can tell if they have emotions. I was gone the two days that we did the lab, so I am writing you a small report about my idea about bugs and their emotions. At first, when you think about it, most people would shrug unknowingly and reply, I dont know, or some people just automatically think that they have no emotions. It is a hard question, something that you just cant figure out by thinking. It is something that you have to research, and maybe even do a test on a bug, and see what happens. I have an example that will help my conclusion to the question that was asked. My dad has a fish tank with four small frogs inside. Everyday, he puts some small crickets into the tank for the frogs to eat. Weve sat there next to the tank and watched them eat the crickets, and this is how I figured out that bugs do have emotions. Not every kind of emotion, but simply instinct, which I would consider a type of emotion. You can tell this because when the frogs would be hungry and begin to prey on the crickets, the crickets would respond by standing completely still, or running away. They sense that something is going to happen, so they do the best that they can to stop that from happening. An instinct is something that any form of life has when they are born, Its something thats there, and you might not notice it sometimes. It can be a form of an emotion because you dont really notice your emotions that are there until you need to use them, just like your instinct. You use your instinct when you know that something is wrong or you need help. Your emotions really dont show either until you need to use one of them, say when your upset, then your emotions come out. The way that the crickets acted when the frogs were coming to eat them...they were acting like they knew that something was going to happen to ...

DreiserS Sister Carrie Essays - Carrie, English-language Films

DreiserS Sister Carrie Essays - Carrie, English-language Films DreiserS Sister Carrie I think it is very difficult to define the exact character of Dreisers Sister Carrie, and his original intention. I would say, as many eyes, so many opinions, so no wonder there are different approaches and interpretations towards the novel which is influenced not just by the readers reading or personal experience, but also by their particular philosophy of life as well as knowledge about the historical background. Sister Carrie can be read as a novel of desire, seduction, or the critique of capitalism and consumerism. Its definitely not the plot or characters which are dominant elements of it. The taste and the literary value of Dreisers novel is shaped and created by its setting and the authors tone. Chicago and New York have almost as organic and important role in the novel as the characters. They do not just form the simple environment for the novel, but they influence its character and a very strong impression. Chicagos character is kind of more positive, it is a city of promise, luck, rise (Carrie). We can say that in Chicago, Hurtswood means something. New York s character is different. Its a city of lies, fall, impersonal isolation of walled city where surviving is much more difficult than in Chicago. In New York, Hurstwood means nothing. The setting creates different expectations to people. During the reading of Sister Carrie, I was interested in searching and revealing the different kinds of desire. Generally we can say that Dreiser deals with the desire of wealth, social status, material things which are represented by money. Within this generalization, we can find and identify many other faces and forms of lust and longing. Carrie, as an ambitious and strong woman embodies the social values of the consumer culture. All she longs for is a material wealth, which represents power. She can be seen as a symbol of money. But Carrie lives in a world of prices. Her labor costs $4.50; board $4 a week; car fare $.60; cheap lunch $.10; etc. She imitates everything perfectly and thats why she is becoming what people want her to become. Her desires come from other peoples desires. It is exactly Drouet, who introduces her to the world of wealth, to materialism. He gives her money, flat even name when she enters the world of theater. She plays her role according to Drouets desires once acts as his mistress or wife. She plays a kind of role for him and by imitating whatever the drummer desire s in women, she becomes merely a reflection of masculine desire. It seems to me that she is never allowed to express any desire of her own except for her desire for consumption (admiring and buying clothes). I think in her relationship with other people, she feels bigger pleasure fro being desired than for feeling desire of her own. The question is wheter Dreisers attitude towards women is negative or positive? Are his women just objects or active characters? Or does Dreiser reinforce the conventional belief that the essence of a woman is just a performance of a role? I think we can also talk about a kind of prostitution as for the female characters, namely Carrie and Julia. Carrie sells herself for $20, and she is paid far more for her body than she is for her labor. Julia also demands money which makes her marriage also as a form of prostitution. Is sex in this world, consumption society, a womans most marketable product? Do these women have or even can they have their own faces? Hurstwoods desire is to possess, to possess a quiet and peaceful life with exciting episodes. He views marriage as a contract that gives him a right to control both women without questions. He thinks he has the absolute power to make decisions. Does Dreiser want to stress that power is a natural and singular masculine right? Dreisers attitude towards his characters is pretty confusing. He tries to manipulate his readers and throughout the novel, he makes comments judgements on the characters and their actions. Definitely, he feels more sympathy towards his male characters. His opinion on women is not pleasant, he is putting them to a position of creatures who are naturally imitative,

A Definition of Liberal Media Bias

A Definition of Liberal Media Bias A  Gallup poll found that just 40% of Americans trust the media to fairly and accurately report the news. Much of this has to do with the liberal tilt of news coverage and stories. In politics, conservatives often deal with an overwhelming liberal bias within the mainstream media, which includes the news divisions of major broadcast networks and major newspapers. This is typically just referred to as media bias. Media bias does not refer to the political punditry class as political affiliations are usually known and the commentary is intended as opinion-oriented. Media bias does not refer to media figures such as Rachel Maddow, Bill OReilly, and Al Sharpton who are expected to give political viewpoints. What Is Media Bias?   Media bias refers to the allegedly objective journalists in print and media who intentionally - and sometimes unintentionally - report or cover stories in a way favorable to Democrats and liberals and unfavorable to Republicans and conservatives. Journalists such as Dan Rather, Bob Schieffer, and Wolf Blitzer who portray themselves as pure newsmen could have their biases exposed by delivering one-sided news stories. Dan Rathers attempted takedown of George W. Bush comes to mind. Examples of Media Bias Barack Obama received free passes in both the 2008 and 2012 presidential races as the media was primarily interested in highlighting the historic nature of Obamas campaign. While Sarah Palin was heavily criticized by the media as lacking the experience to be Vice-President, the question was never a major issue with the decidedly less-experienced Obama. In 2012, the media turned every statement by Mitt Romney (dogs on vacation!) into stories that lasted weeks, while at the same time refusing to cover the Fast and Furious scandal or the Benghazi attacks with seriousness. And CNNs Candy Crowley infamously interrupted a debate exchange between Romney and Obama by debating Romney herself on Benghazi. (She was wrong, but the ramifications were huge.) While VP Joe Biden could barely take the stage without making a hysterical gaffe during his tenure, his sanity or competence was never questioned in the way that Dan Quayles was for once adding an e at the end of potato during a spelling bee. That the card was given to Quayle by the school with the incorrect spelling and that Quayle had questioned the spelling on the card is the part of the story the media always enjoys ignoring. While Democrats regularly get softball question and answer sessions from serious journalists, conservatives are usually left answering absurd questions based on absurd assumptions. When a deranged gunman shot Congresswoman Gabby Giffords of Arizona, the media had absolutely no problem claiming Sarah Palin was to blame because she once had a map on her website that had used a target on it to imply that it was going to be a competitive congressional race. Unbiased, Fair and Objective   The problem with media bias is that the journalist and media personalities are claiming to be unbiased, fair, and objective but typically end up delivering one-sided viewpoints disguised as fact. Many Americans will not look deeper into every issue presented by the media, instead of taking the stories at face value. Any information that might dispel the media bias myths has to be actively sought. Pronunciation: me-di-a bÄ «Ã‰â„¢s Also Known As: Mainstream Media; Lamestream media (Sarah Palin); Dinosaur Media (Laura Ingraham) Alternate Spellings: none Common Misspellings: none Examples In a free country, people depend on the media for their information about government and other powerful institutions. If the press sounds the alarm about some danger, people have to pay attention. But if they have lost confidence in the press – because of its biases – then there’s a good chance we’ll ignore the warning. And that could be dangerous. - Bernard Goldberg on Media Bias 60 Minutes used to be synonymous with gotcha, and it certainly was when it broke the Abu Ghraib story to hurt Bush in 2004, and when Dan Rather flaunted fake Texas Air National Guard documents to hurt Bush months later. In the 2008 election cycle, â€Å"60 Minutes† asked John McCain why he would let the Wall Street executives sail away on their yachts and leave this [bailout] on the American taxpayer? They hammered Romney about avoiding military service – and his five sons avoiding military service. Kroft has never asked Obama about his failure to serve in the military, and he certainly never asked about whether he had premarital sex with his wife – which Mike Wallace threw at Romney. - Brent Bozell

New Hire Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Hire Communication - Research Paper Example The safety of customers money is ensured since payment of transport fee is through the app. On placing a request for pick-up the drivers are notified on the official Uber mobile append they are provided information on where the client is, to accept the request the driver has 15 seconds to tap the mobile to confirm acceptance (Rusli, 2014). The company has had major accusation of its taxi driver being involved in sexual harassment of the customers. In a bid to cub the menace the company has developed something called the â€Å"God view.† This is instrument now allows the view of the taxi drivers at actions and direction at any time while on duty. Creation of awareness to the customers is our fundamental goal to ensure that our customers feel safe with riding on the Uber taxi services all over the world. It is even more prudent for our female clients to be able to feel safe while riding on Uber Taxies. The company is looking forward to employing 2,000,000 female taxi drivers by 2020. The company is in plans to join the google competition to provide cubs that will need no drivers. The new invention intends to use google applications to navigate along the paths to the desired destinations (Jackson,

Conceptual Issues in Evolutionary Archaeology Research Paper

Conceptual Issues in Evolutionary Archaeology - Research Paper Example Jones is mainly recognized because of the many films he has acted, some of which include: Last crusade, Lost Ark Raiders and Temple of Doom among others (Winterhalder & Eric, 2000). In understanding the character of Indiana Jones, these films depict some of the traits that make him have a great influence over the people. Most of these films have similar plots, presenting the ways which Indy employs to prevent Hitler’s hands from holding the biblical artifacts. For instance, the movie that explains how the covenant ark was lost is a controversial story, by first trying to understand if the ark existed in the first place. Scholars have ever since tried to explain the whereabouts of the ark, but they have not yet come up with valuable conclusions to the issue (Bentley & Herbert, 2001). Some say it was carried to Canaan while others say that it was destroyed in Babylon.Another movie that approaches archeology in a better way is Last Crusade. It similarly explores another treasure in the bible- Holy Grail (Arnold & Nancy, 2001). This treasure like the ark has numerous stories surrounding its history. People have no clear idea of its existence, and where it finally went to. Some people claim that Arimathea Joseph carried the Grail to France with him, and this claims triggered Nazi to start his Grail search. In the movie, Jones acts brilliantly during their travel, by making marks on the way which in turn give him clues that guide him to the final resting place of the Grail.... His theoretical diversity in many of the movies he has acted, portray him as a real archeologist from the way he dresses to the way he presents himself. Processual archaeology presents three perspectives that we can employ in studying Indiana Jones: evolutionary ecology which predicts human behaviors in their ecological contexts, and evaluates their behaviors using ethnographic and archaeological data. Secondly, there is behavioral archaeology which focuses on when, where and how human behavior relates to material cultures. Arnold & Nancy (2001) explain that there is the Darwinian archaeology perspective that tries to reconcile Darwinian Theory and other scientific explanations of evolution. On the other hand, the postprocessual perspective comes up with criticisms of the early studies. Literature Review Postprocessual Archeology Postprocessualists are opposed to the ideas of science as the only source of knowledge. They generally classify scientific studies into non-positivist perce ptions with no basis (Johnson, 2010). For instance, these people claim that the empirical studies done by science are not satisfactory enough, since they do not have sufficient fundamental facts. According to the postprocessualists, we have active individuals hence, they do not agree with the views of archeologists who make individuals to be lost in their theories. They thus advocate for individuals to be active instead of following blindly the social norms and values that are presented to them. They then emphasize on agency as a tool of active individuals (Hegmon, 2003 & Hurt & Rakita, 2001). Focusing on their understanding, one can conclude that they urge archaeologists to consider rules that can be changed creatively by social

How Far Garlands Theories Can Be Applied in the Contemporary Criminal Research Paper

How Far Garlands Theories Can Be Applied in the Contemporary Criminal Context - Research Paper Example The objective of the paper is to assess how far Garland’s theories can be applied in the contemporary criminal context, specifically in sentencing. At the outset, the essay will describe the two responses, i.e, adaptation and denial, proposed by Garland. Two newspaper articles dealing with Government reforms on sentencing guidelines will be assessed to determine whether they are examples of adaptation or denial. Contextual factors that lead to such a response will also be analyzed so that the extent of applicability of Garland’s views can be determined. According to Garland, in earlier years, the criminal justice system had assumed a hybrid penal welfare structure, combining due process and proportionate punishment with a decisive thrust in the correctional direction, favoring rehabilitation, welfare and criminological expertise. (Garland, 2001: 27). Developments in correctional policies demonstrated a commitment to community-based solutions, with a focus on the rehabilitation of offenders and the tailoring of individual penal sentences framed in accordance with the characteristics and needs of the offenders. This approach exemplifies a pragmatic and adaptive Government response to crime, characterized by (a) the State role as a facilitator rather than controller of criminal policy (b) focus on the consequences rather than causes of crime (c) participation of non-State actors in prevention of crime (d) viewing crime prospectively, i.e, institution of crime prevention measures (Garland, 1996).

Clinical Examination Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Clinical Examination - Case Study Example History: This is a 56-year-old male who works in a travel agency. He is a smoker for years, and he is still smoking about 10 cigarettes per day. In this presentation, he started feeling breathless with his usual activity about a week back. He stays near his office, and normally he goes to work on foot. Previously he was able to walk to his office in a slower pace without much of discomfort; however, for the last 1 week or so, he is trouble covering this small distance without taking rest midway, and the distance for taking rest is decreasing day by day. Although with rest, the breathlessness seems to wane down, he is worried due to the fact that his feet are swollen, and this time the grade of swelling is much more than earlier ever. EHehHe has noted also that he is coughing a little with expulsion rusty sputum of small quantities. His sleep is disturbed since he can no longer sleep on the bed with usual two pillows that he uses, and of late, he needs to use 4 pillows which makes him reclined on the bed. Over the top of that he can sense his heart is beating faster, and last night he had to wake up from whatever sleep he was having with sudden episodes of acute breathlessness just after midnight. He is feeling fatigued, tired, and exhausted. His appetite is poor, he is having a bloated sensation in the abdomen, and heaviness in the upper part of his abdomen, more on the right hand side. From his previous visit, the doctor asked him to quit smoking, and he did not comply, and now he knows that like previous such episodes, he is going to have another now, and so he decided to visit the clinic. He has past history of congestive heart failure with ischaemic heart disease. He has no evident drug allergies or drug interactions. He is on diuretic and digitalis. He has associated hypertension. On interrogation, there is no suggestive history of weight loss or blood loss; however, he has gained some weight. Clinical Examination: On inspection, he was obviously with discomfort, and respiratory distress was obvious with nasal flaring, retraction of the suprasternal notch, moderate use of accessory muscles of respiration, and intercostal retraction. His vital sign examination revealed him to be puffy, with pallor. There was no cyanosis, jaundice, but he had grade 2 clubbing and +4 pitting edema in both the ankles and pretibial regions. There was no cervical lymphadenopathy, thyroid was not palpable, face was puffy. On examination, he had harsh vesicular breath sounds throughout the lung fields, with features of laboured breathing at a rate of 22 per minute at rest. The lungs were otherwise clear except at the bases, there were fine moist rales. There was no dullness to percussion in any lung area including the bases. His pulse rate was 92, blood pressure 100/92, peripheral pulses were equal volume on both the sides with carotids being palpably normal. The jugular venous pressure was elevat ed in clinical examination with distention up to 12 cm from the suprasternal notch on a 45 degree recline on the examination couch. The apical pulse was located in the seventh intercostal space 1.5 cm lateral to the left midclavicular line, and with close inspection, the apical impulse was visible. There was obviously evidence of cardiomegaly, but it was difficult to discern whether there was any

Scope Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scope Risk - Essay Example The move towards innovation is necessary as it can be stated that innovation is more important than acquiring the name of best company in the world. The other trend i.e. making shift in global market is necessary as it is regarded as one of the fundamental needs of the organizations in attracting huge customers along with increasing sales (Project Management Institute, 2012). The successful completion of a project requires the involvement of clients and their conduct of activities efficiently. In this case, if there lays the involvement of several members, it can create hindrance in the success of the project. In order to complete projects in a timely fashion by balancing the needs, initially a proper planning of the project would be made along with determining the actual number of members to be included in the project team. Then, proper allocation of tasks relating to the project must be provided to the actual number of members for the purpose of fulfilling the need to freeze project scope in a timely fashion (Global Knowledge Training LLC, 2013). In the context of slower economic growth, one of the viable and valid trends that would emerge is the changing economic conditions of the global market. The fact can be supported with the happening of global recessions in previous few years. Similarly, in the background of shifting global markets, a viable and a valid trend of improving the sales target for future rather than focusing upon developing the existing position in the business market would emerge (Project Management Institute, 2012). Based on the above discussion, it can be affirmed that a few of the factors such as innovation, shift in global market and economic growth are the elements that bring considerable changes in the operations of business organizations and identification of various opportunities. As per my understanding,

Clinical Examination Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Clinical Examination - Case Study Example History: This is a 56-year-old male who works in a travel agency. He is a smoker for years, and he is still smoking about 10 cigarettes per day. In this presentation, he started feeling breathless with his usual activity about a week back. He stays near his office, and normally he goes to work on foot. Previously he was able to walk to his office in a slower pace without much of discomfort; however, for the last 1 week or so, he is trouble covering this small distance without taking rest midway, and the distance for taking rest is decreasing day by day. Although with rest, the breathlessness seems to wane down, he is worried due to the fact that his feet are swollen, and this time the grade of swelling is much more than earlier ever. EHehHe has noted also that he is coughing a little with expulsion rusty sputum of small quantities. His sleep is disturbed since he can no longer sleep on the bed with usual two pillows that he uses, and of late, he needs to use 4 pillows which makes him reclined on the bed. Over the top of that he can sense his heart is beating faster, and last night he had to wake up from whatever sleep he was having with sudden episodes of acute breathlessness just after midnight. He is feeling fatigued, tired, and exhausted. His appetite is poor, he is having a bloated sensation in the abdomen, and heaviness in the upper part of his abdomen, more on the right hand side. From his previous visit, the doctor asked him to quit smoking, and he did not comply, and now he knows that like previous such episodes, he is going to have another now, and so he decided to visit the clinic. He has past history of congestive heart failure with ischaemic heart disease. He has no evident drug allergies or drug interactions. He is on diuretic and digitalis. He has associated hypertension. On interrogation, there is no suggestive history of weight loss or blood loss; however, he has gained some weight. Clinical Examination: On inspection, he was obviously with discomfort, and respiratory distress was obvious with nasal flaring, retraction of the suprasternal notch, moderate use of accessory muscles of respiration, and intercostal retraction. His vital sign examination revealed him to be puffy, with pallor. There was no cyanosis, jaundice, but he had grade 2 clubbing and +4 pitting edema in both the ankles and pretibial regions. There was no cervical lymphadenopathy, thyroid was not palpable, face was puffy. On examination, he had harsh vesicular breath sounds throughout the lung fields, with features of laboured breathing at a rate of 22 per minute at rest. The lungs were otherwise clear except at the bases, there were fine moist rales. There was no dullness to percussion in any lung area including the bases. His pulse rate was 92, blood pressure 100/92, peripheral pulses were equal volume on both the sides with carotids being palpably normal. The jugular venous pressure was elevat ed in clinical examination with distention up to 12 cm from the suprasternal notch on a 45 degree recline on the examination couch. The apical pulse was located in the seventh intercostal space 1.5 cm lateral to the left midclavicular line, and with close inspection, the apical impulse was visible. There was obviously evidence of cardiomegaly, but it was difficult to discern whether there was any

Of what use are management ideas and concepts in the practice of Coursework

Of what use are management ideas and concepts in the practice of management - Coursework Example Henri Fayol described his 14 principles of management that, when used in conjunction with other principles, build an effective team and develop a strong manager. Fayol’s 11th principle, equity, determines how to best motivate employees, creating fairness whilst blending authority and kindness. Equity is often determined by the justness of rewards, ensuring that all high-performing employees receive equal opportunities for additional remuneration or other appropriate rewards. Equity is important as a manager in the real-world business environment as it provides employees with a sense of affiliation. This is linked with Fayol’s 13th principle, initiative, that provides more autonomous working environments and opportunities to express employee innovations as become active in the decision-making process. Motivational theories indicate that employees must receive esteem and recognition from others in the organisation. Affiliation establishes perceptions of prestige, control and self-esteem (Gambrel and Cianci). Wal-Mart, a major multi-national retailer, recognises the importance of Fayol’s guidelines for management, providing employees with stock options, incentive bonuses and even profit sharing as a means to build commitment, ownership and equity. Wal-Mart is world-renowned for its high-commitment employees that are team-focused and therefore able to carry out strategic goals. These remuneration packages provide equity by establishing rewards for all employees throughout the organisation and inspires a sense of affiliation as valued contributors to the business model. Fayol’s theories, especially equity and initiative, are important concepts in the real-world. Managers establish strategic goals that determine the future position of the organisation related to profit, competitive advantage or other elements related to its market position. Multi-national companies, especially, require team-focused employees in order to achieve these goals. According to Reis and Pena (2008, p.674), â€Å"If the business is still using vertical hierarchies instead of self-directed teams, truly empowered to make changes, it is not ready for change†. This means that there will likely be resistance to change from different employees if the manager does not provide initiative in his or her efforts whilst promoting a sense of equity that there will be balanced rewards for achievement for all employees. Fayol’s concepts are h ighly relevant as the business will not be able to achieve without employee cooperation when teamwork is required to create new strategies and innovations. Mintzberg is another management guru who has established multiple theories of management that are classical in design. Mintzberg describes ten different management roles required to establish a successful management system, these being informational, interpersonal and decisional (LMC, 2008). Of most relevance is the interpersonal dynamic of the manager who takes on the role of a leader, or one who inspires others rather than establishing routine control systems to gain productivity and motivation. The difference between managers and leaders is in their approach to establishing interpersonal relationships. For example, a

Coffee Shop Essay Example for Free

Coffee Shop Essay â€Å"Closing Time† has the meaning set out in section 1. 3; â€Å"Contract† means a formal written contract between the City and a Preferred Proponent to undertake the Services, the preferred form of which is attached as Schedule B; â€Å"Evaluation Team† means the team appointed by the City; â€Å"Information Meeting† has the meaning set out in section 1. 4; â€Å"Preferred Proponent(s)† means the Proponent(s) selected by the Evaluation Team to enter into negotiations for a Contract; â€Å"Proponent† means an entity that submits a Proposal; â€Å"Proposal† means a proposal submitted in response to this RFP; â€Å"RFP† means this Request for Proposals; â€Å"Services† has the meaning set out in Schedule A; â€Å"Site† means the place or places where the Services are to be performed; and â€Å"Statement of Departures† means Schedule C-1 to the form of Proposal attached as Schedule C. Instructions To Proponents 2 Closing Time and Address for Proposal Delivery Proposals must be received by the office of the: Kam Grewal, BBA, CMA Acting Purchasing AP Manager Address:6645 – 148 Street Surrey, BC V3S 3C7 on or before the following date and time (the â€Å"Closing Time†): Time: 3:00 pm local time Date: Monday, July 5, 2010. Submissions by fax [or email] will not be accepted. There will be no extension to the Closing Time for the submission of proposals. 3 Information Meeting An information meeting may be hosted by the City Representative to discuss the City’s requirements under this RFP (the â€Å"Information Meeting†). While attendance is at the discretion of Proponents, Proponents who do not attend will be deemed to have attended the Information Meeting and to have received all of the information given at the Information Meeting. At the time of issuance of this RFP a meeting has not been scheduled. 4 Number of Copies. Proponents should submit the original plus 5 hard copies (6 in total) of their Proposals. 5 Late Proposals Proposals received after the Closing Time will not be accepted or considered. Delays caused by any delivery, courier or mail service(s) will not be grounds for an extension of the Closing Time. 7 Amendments to Proposals Proposals may be revised by written amendment, delivered to the location set out above, at any time before the Closing Time but not after. An amendment must be signed by an authorized signatory of the Proponent in the same manner as provided by section 2. 3. Fax amendments are permitted, but such fax may show only the change to the proposal price(s) and in no event disclose the actual proposal price(s). A Proponent bears all risk that the City’s fax equipment functions properly so as to facilitate timely delivery of any fax amendment. 8 Inquiries All inquiries related to this RFP should be directed in writing to the person named below (the â€Å"City Representative†). Information obtained from any person or source other than the City Representative may not be relied upon. Kam Grewal, BBA, CMA Acting Purchasing AP Manager. Address:City of Surrey – Purchasing 6645 – 148 Street Surrey, BC V3S 3C7 Phone: 604-590-7274 Fax:604-599-0956 Email:[emailprotected] ca Inquiries should be made no later than 7 days before Closing Time. The City reserves the right not to respond to inquiries made within 7 days of the Closing Time. Inquiries and responses will be recorded and may be distributed to all Proponents at the discretion of the City. Proponents finding discrepancies or omissions in the Contract or RFP, or having doubts as to the meaning or intent of any provision, should immediately notify the City Representative. If the City determines that an amendment is required to this RFP, the City Representative will issue an addendum in accordance with section 1. 9. No oral conversation will affect or modify the terms of this RFP or may be relied upon by any Proponent. 9 Addenda If the City determines that an amendment is required to this RFP, the City will post a written addendum on the City website at www. surrey. ca (the City Website) and upon posting will be deemed to form part of this RFP. Upon submitting a Proposal, Proponents will be deemed to have received notice of all addenda that are posted on the City Website. 10 Examination of Contract Documents and Site Proponents will be deemed to have carefully examined the RFP, including all attached Schedules, the Contract and the Site (as applicable) prior to preparing and submitting a Proposal with respect to any and all facts which may influence a Proposal. 11 Opening of Proposals The City intends to open Proposals in private but reserves the right to open Proposals in public at its sole discretion. 12 Status Inquiries All inquiries related to the status of this RFP, including whether or not a Contract has been awarded, should be directed to the City Website and not to the City Representative. Proposal Submission FORM AND contents 2 Package Proposals should be in a sealed package, marked on the outside with the Proponents name, title of the Project and reference number. 3 Form of Proposal Proponents should complete the form of Proposal attached as Schedule C, including Schedules C-1 to C-4. Proponents are encouraged to respond to the items listed in Schedules C-1 to C-4 in the order listed. Proponents are encouraged to use the forms provided and attach additional pages as necessary. 4 Signature. The legal name of the person or firm submitting the Proposal should be inserted in Schedule C. The Proposal should be signed by a person authorized to sign on behalf of the Proponent. 1 If the Proponent is a corporation then the full name of the corporation should be included, together with the names of authorized signatories. The Proposal should be executed by all of the authorized signatories or by one or more of them provided that a copy of the corporate resolution authorizing those persons to execute the Proposal on behalf of the corporation is submitted. 2 If the Proponent is a partnership or joint venture then the name of the partnership or joint venture and the name of each partner or joint venturer should be included, and each partner or joint venturer should sign personally (or, if one or more person(s) have signing authority for the partnership or joint venture, the partnership or joint venture should provide evidence to the satisfaction of the City that the person(s) signing have signing authority for the partnership or joint venture). If a partner or joint venturer is a corporation then such corporation should sign as indicated in subsection (a) above. 3 If the Proponent is an individual, including a sole proprietorship, the name of the individual should be included. evaluation and Selection 2 Evaluation Team The evaluation of Proposals will be undertaken on behalf of the City by the Evaluation Team. The Evaluation Team may consult with others including City staff members, third party consultants and references, as the Evaluation Team may in its discretion decide is required. The Evaluation Team will give a written recommendation for the selection of a Preferred Proponent or Preferred Proponents to the City. 3 Evaluation Criteria The Evaluation Team will compare and evaluate all Proposals to determine the Proponents strength and ability to provide the Services in order to determine the Proposal which is most advantageous to the City, using the following criteria: 1 Experience, Reputation and Resources The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents responses to items in C-2 of Schedule  C including supplementary information. 3 Technical The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents responses to items (i) to (vii) in C-3 of Schedule  C. 5 Financial The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents response to C-4 of Schedule  C. (d)Statement of Departures The Evaluation Team will consider the Proponents response to C-1 of Schedule  C. The Evaluation Team will not be limited to the criteria referred to above, and the Evaluation Team may consider other criteria that the team identifies as relevant during the evaluation process. The Evaluation Team may apply the evaluation criteria on a comparative basis, evaluating the Proposals by comparing one Proponents Proposal to another Proponents Proposal. All criteria considered will be applied evenly and fairly to all Proposals. 4 Discrepancies in Proponents Financial Proposal If there are any obvious discrepancies, errors or omissions in C-4 of a Proposal (Proponents Financial Proposal), then the City shall be entitled to make obvious corrections, but only if, and to the extent, the corrections are apparent from the Proposal as submitted, and in particular: (a)if there is a discrepancy between a unit price and the extended total, then the unit prices shall be deemed to be correct, and corresponding corrections will be made to the extended totals; (b)if a unit price has been given but the corresponding extended total has been omitted, then the extended total will be calculated from the unit price and the estimated quantity; (c)if an extended total has been given but the corresponding unit price has been omitted, then the unit price will be calculated from the extended total and the estimated quantity. 6 Litigation In addition to any other provision of this RFP, the City may, in its absolute discretion, reject a Proposal if the Proponent, or any officer or director of the Proponent submitting the Proposal, is or has been engaged directly or indirectly in a legal action against the City, its elected or appointed officers, representatives or employees in relation to any matter. In determining whether or not to reject a Proposal under this section, the City will consider whether the litigation is likely to affect the Proponent’s ability to work with the City, its consultants and representatives and whether the City’s experience with the Proponent indicates that there is a risk the City will incur increased staff and legal costs in the administration of the Contract if it is awarded to the Proponent. 8 Additional Information. The Evaluation Team may, at its discretion, request clarifications or additional information from a Proponent with respect to any Proposal, and the Evaluation Team may make such requests only to selected Proponents. The Evaluation Team may consider such clarifications or additional information in evaluating a Proposal. 10 Interviews The Evaluation Team may, at its discretion, may invite some or all of the Proponents to appear before the Evaluation Team to provide clarifications of their Proposals. In such event, the Evaluation Team will be entitled to consider the answers received in evaluating Proposals. 12 Multiple Preferred Proponents and Changes to the Proponent Team The City reserves the right and discretion to divide up the Services, either by scope, geographic area, or other basis as the City may decide, and to select one or more Preferred Proponents to enter into discussions with the City for one or more Contracts to perform a portion or portions of the Services. If the City exercises its discretion to divide up the Services, the City will do so reasonably having regard for the RFP and the basis of Proposals. Likewise, the City reserves the right to ask for changes in the member/s comprising the Proponent Team as it deems beneficial to the overall composition of the Team and without any obligation to justify its preference. In addition to any other provision of this RFP, Proposals may be evaluated on the basis of advantages and disadvantages to the City that might result or be achieved from the City dividing up the Services and entering into one or more Contracts with one or more Proponents. NOT APPLICABLE 14 Negotiation of Contract and Award If the City selects a Preferred Proponent, then it may: (a)enter into a Contract with the Preferred Proponent; or (b)enter into discussions with the Preferred Proponent to clarify any outstanding issues and attempt to finalize the terms of the Contract, including financial terms. If discussions are successful, the City and the Preferred Proponent will finalize the Contract; or. (c)if at any time the City reasonably forms the opinion that a mutually acceptable agreement is not likely to be reached within a reasonable time, give the Preferred Proponent written notice to terminate discussions, in which event the City may then either open discussions with another Proponent or terminate this RFP and retain or obtain the Services in some other manner. General Conditions 2 No City Obligation. This RFP is not a tender and does not commit the City in any way to select a Preferred Proponent, or to proceed to negotiations for a Contract, or to award any Contract, and the City reserves the complete right to at any time reject all Proposals, and to terminate this RFP process. 4 Proponent’s Expenses Proponents are solely responsible for their own expenses in preparing, and submitting Proposals, and for any meetings, negotiations or discussions with the City or its representatives and consultants, relating to or arising from this RFP. The City and its representatives, agents, consultants and advisors will not be liable to any Proponent for any claims, whether for costs, expenses, losses or damages, or loss of anticipated profits, or for any other matter whatsoever, incurred by the Proponent in preparing and submitting a Proposal, or participating in negotiations for a Contract, or other activity related to or arising out of this RFP. 6 No Contract By submitting a Proposal and participating in the process as outlined in this RFP, Proponents expressly agree that no contract of any kind is formed under, or arises from, this RFP, prior to the signing of a formal written Contract. 7 Conflict of Interest A Proponent shall disclose in its Proposal any actual or potential conflicts of interest and existing business relationships it may have with the City, its elected or appointed officials or employees. The City may rely on such disclosure. 8 Solicitation of Council Members and City Staff. Proponents and their agents will not contact any member of the City Council or City staff with respect to this RFP, other than the City Representative named in section  1. 8, at any time prior to the award of a contract or the termination of this RFP. 10 Confidentiality All submissions become the property of the City and will not be returned to the Proponent. All submissions will be held in confidence by the City unless otherwise required by law. Proponents should be aware the City is a â€Å"public body† defined by and subject to the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act of British Columbia. Schedule A. SERVICES 1. GENERAL This RFP is inviting potential Proponents to submit Proposals to act as the tenant and sole vendor for a proposed coffee shop (the â€Å"Coffee Shop†) at the Surrey City Centre Library (the â€Å"Library†), currently being constructed at 10350 University Drive, Surrey, BC. The successful Proponent will be responsible for the managing and daily service of the Coffee Shop located on the ground floor of the Library. There will be an opportunity for the successful Proponent to provide catering for meetings and other similar functions, although it is not mandatory for the client to use the Coffee Shop for catering. 2. BACKGROUND As part of the Surrey City Centre plan review and update, the Surrey City Council has approved the construction of a new 5-level library. While the project is currently in the design phase, construction has commenced due to the fast track nature of the project. Currently excavation is complete on the basement and the ground floor slab and reinforcement is being set. It will be poured by Friday June 18, 2010. The Library is conveniently located near bus loops, transit and SkyTrain. The Library will eventually become part of a plaza where community celebrations will take place. Once completed it will be Surrey’s largest library at 75,000 square feet. The City’s new Library will be a unique state of the art environmentally friendly landmark that provides access to the broadest range of information, learning opportunities, and diverse cultural experiences. The new Library will be: The centrepiece for Surrey’s City Centre; adorned in architectural excellence for the 21st century, the library will contribute to the vitality of the city and put Surrey in a class with other great cities. A foundation for the City’s future success by boosting economic and cultural activity and attracting visitors from all parts of the country. A source of pride and a great public space, where the community gathers to celebrate, reflect, connect and share information, knowledge and culture. 3. PROJECT GOAL The goal of this project is to identify a coffee and related food services operator for the Library. 4. THE COFFEE SHOP An exciting opportunity exists on the ground floor to operate a commercial Coffee Shop. The Coffee Shop is located in a high traffic area, between the two main entrances, elevators and new book display. The licence awarded to the successful Proponent would also include a seating area where customers can sit. The consumption of food within the Library itself is allowed. There are several meeting rooms and a large room which can host community events, along with teen areas, study areas, children’s areas and much more. It is also expected that the Library will be utilised by SFU students on a constant basis. 5. LIBRARY HOURS Library opening hours are: Monday to Friday9:30am – 9:00pm Saturday10:00am – 5:00pm Sunday 1:00pm – 5:00pm 6. 2009 PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC The following figures represent the estimated visits at all the public library branches for 2009. |BRANCH |VISITORS | |Cloverdale | 163,605 | |Fleetwood | 262,717 | |Guildford | 582,361 | |Newton | 357,045 | |Ocean Park | 193,167 | |Port Kells | 7,410 | |Semiahmoo | 305,162 | |Strawberry Hill | 357,166 | |Whalley | 276,406 | It is estimated that traffic for the Library will mirror that of the Whalley branch, and is expected to increase due to the development taking place in the area. 7. EXPECTATIONS OF THE SUCCESSFUL PROPONENT The City would require the successful Proponent to offer a variety of food and beverage choices that include healthy and nutritious options for all customers, many of whom are school-aged children. The Surrey Public Library Board has approved the policy (policy 3. 8 Healthy Food Options) that the Library provides a healthy food option for programs, special events and contests. No alcohol is to be allowed. There is to be no food smell generation if preparation is required and there is to be no electric grinding (e. g. coffee beans) on the Coffee Shop floor due to noise levels. All grinding can be done in the storage room, manually or prior to Library opening hours. Loading of stock for the Coffee Shop can be done via the west entrance of the ground floor or via the elevators from the underground parkade. Persons meeting in the conference rooms are permitted to cater from external companies although there is the opportunity for the successful Proponent to cater these functions if prior arrangements are made between the two parties. The opening date for the Coffee Shop is yet to be determined, however, it is expected to be up and running by early Summer of 2011. The Coffee Shop is expected to be operational during Library opening hours. Opening times for the Coffee Shop are to be from the Library’s opening time to half an hour prior to the Library’s closing. The successful Proponent would be able to enter the building half an hour prior to the Library’s opening time. The successful Proponent is to supply any equipment needed for the Coffee Shop to function including, but not limited to, coffee machines, refrigerator, signage, counter cooler case, etc. All business licences and food permits are the responsibility of the Proponent. 8. SUCCESSFUL PROPONENT’S WORK RESPONSIBILITIES a) Should there be any structural changes which have been reviewed and approved by the City prior to the execution of such changes, the tenant is to supply all tenant improvement plans signed and sealed by professional engineers or architects to be approved by the City. b) The tenant is to provide evidence of insurance for the City`s approval as specified in the License Agreement (refer to Schedule B – License Agreement). c) The tenant is expected to supply all equipment needed to sufficiently run the coffee shop including, but not limited to, coffee machines and espresso equipment, undercounter refrigerators, shelving in the storage room, display cooler case, paper towel dispenser, milk cooler, microwave, cash register and trash bins. 9. COLD DRINK BEVERAGES The City has an agreement with The Pepsi Bottling Group (Canada), Co. (â€Å"Pepsi†), for the exclusive supply of cold drink beverages for all City facilities, including the Library. Therefore, the successful Proponent is to work directly with Pepsi for the supply of cold drink beverages, including: †¢ Carbonated soft drinks †¢ Teas other than fresh brewed †¢ Juices. †¢ Juice-based products †¢ Lemonade †¢ Isotonics †¢ Sports drinks †¢ Energy drinks †¢ Bottled water Excluded Beverages: †¢ Milk †¢ Flavoured milk †¢ Cold coffee †¢ Branded or unbranded fresh brewed coffee or tea †¢ Hot chocolate †¢ Unbranded fresh squeezed juices †¢ Smoothies and milkshakes The agreement with Pepsi is to expire in 2011. 10. SNACK FOODS The City has an agreement with Ryan Company Ltd. (â€Å"Ryan Vending†), for the exclusive supply of a healthier snack foods program and vending services for all City facilities, including the Library. Therefore, the successful Proponent is to work directly with Ryan Vending for the supply of snack foods. 11. CITY’ RESPONSIBILITIES The City is to complete the Licence Area, as set out in Schedule B, in a good and workmanlike manner, at the City’s cost, using new materials and to the following extent: a) Interior wall taped and sanded drywall to code, painted white; b) Ceiling is to be painted concrete; c) The floor will be finished with a rubber covering; d) Counter tops on the horizontal front counter is to be a white laminate; e) The vertical section of the counters shall be an East Coast maple; f) The counter at the back of the shop floor containing the sink, and the backsplash, is to be white Corian; g) There will be an apple ply edging where the vertical edge of the counters meets the horizontal at the front counter; h) There is to be recessed lighting fixtures above the back counter, surface mounted fixture on painted concrete ceiling to light signage and menu and pendant fixtures at the front counter; i) All signage, including Menu board, must be approved by the City and the design team (Bing Thom Architects). The preferred signage for the Coffee Shop is electric flat screens, however, the design team is open to ideas regarding electronic signage from Proponents. This will have no impact on the evaluation of the Proponent’ Proposal; j) The City will provide the main sink and handwash sink located in the back counter; k) A 25mm domestic hot and cold water line with backflow preventor will be installed for refrigerator and coffee machine; and l) A 20mm domestic hot and cold water pipe and a 40mm sanitary drain will be installed for each of the two (2) sinks. term The Proponent will provide the Services set out in this Schedule  A and A-1 for a term not to exceed five years (including renewal) commencing in the early Summer of 2011 (the Term). A. The Licensor is the owner of those lands and premises located at 10350 University Blvd within the City of Surrey, Province of British Columbia, and more particularly known and described as: Parcel Identifier: 028-179-951 Parcel 1 Section 27 Block 5 N Range 2 West New Westminster District Plan BCP44240 (the Lands) on which is located theCity Centre Library. B. The Licensee wishes to obtain from the Licensor a licence to use those portions of the building located on the Lands as follows: 1. Area A Concession and Storage Room (Licence Area A) which area is approximately 141. 9 sq. ft. and shown on the plan attached hereto as Schedule A; and 2. Area B Seating Area (Licence Area B) as shown on the plan attached hereto as Schedule A (collectively the Licence Area) C. The Licensee intends to use the Licence Area for the retail sale of coffee, tea, and other products as outlined in this Licence. D. Licence Area A shall be for the exclusive use of the Licensee, and Licence Area  B shall be for the non-exclusive use of the Licensee. NOW THEREFORE in consideration of the sum of ONE DOLLAR paid by each of the parties to each other and other good and valuable consideration (the receipt and sufficiency of which each party hereby acknowledges) the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 1. In this License the parties agree that: (a)Additional Rental means the moneys payable hereunder, together with all other sums of money, whether or not designated as Additional Rental, to be paid by the Licensee whether to the Licensor or otherwise under this License save and except Minimum Rental and Percentage Rental; (b)Commencement Date of Term means ______________, 2011; (c)Gross Revenue means the entire amount of the sales price, whether wholesale or retail, for cash, credit, or otherwise of all sales of merchandise and services, and all other receipts and receivables whatsoever of all business conducted at, in, upon, or from the Licence Area, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, receipts and receivables in respect of any sale effected by the Licensee using any computer. Electronic, telephone, internet, or like system, where the Product is sent via the Licence Area or by the Licensee directly to a consumer, orders taken at or received at the Licence Area, although such orders may be filled elsewhere by the Licensee, deposits not refunded to customers, the selling price of gift certificates, charges to customers in the nature of interest or carrying or financing charges, sums, and credits received, and settlement of claims for loss of or damage to goods. No deductions shall be allowed for uncollected or uncollectible credit accounts. There shall not be included in Gross Revenue: (i)any sums shown separately from the price and collected and paid out for any direct retail sales tax imposed by any duly constituted governmental authority; (ii)the exchange of goods and merchandise between the stores of the Licensee, if any, where such exchange of goods or merchandise is made solely for the convenient operation of the business of the Licensee and not for the purpose of consummating a sale which has previously been made or agreed to be made at, in, from, or upon the Licence Area or for the purpose of depriving the Licensor of the benefit of a sale which otherwise would be made at, in, from, or upon the Licence Area; (iii)the Licensee’s original cost of returns to suppliers or to manufacturers; (iv)the amount of merchandise sold when such merchandise is thereafter returned by the purchaser and accepted by the Licensee, and a complete credit is given to the purchaser; and (v)the selling price of gift or merchandise certificates or coupons sold other than from the Licence Area, provided that such gift or merchandise certificates or coupons shall be included in the calculation of Gross Revenue at the time of their redemption. (vi)Each sale upon an installment or credit basis shall be treated as a sale for the full price in the month in which that sale is made regardless of the time when the Licensee receives payment, whether full or partial, from its customer; (d)Lands means as hereinbefore defined in recital A; (e)Licence Year means a 12-month period commencing with the first day of January in one calendar year and ending on the last day of December of that year, providing that the first Licence Year shall commence on the Commencement Date of Term and end on the last day of December next following and the last Licence Year shall end on the last day of the Term and commence on the first day of January preceding that date; (f)Licence Area means Licence Area A and Licence Area B; (g)Licence Area A means those portions of the building located on the Lands shown highlighted in pink and marked as Area A. Concession and Area A Storage room, which area is approximately 141. 9 sq. ft. ; (h)Licence Area B means those portions of the building located on the Lands shown highlighted in yellow and marked as Area B. Seating Area; (i)Minimum Rental means the minimum annual rental reserved hereunder payable by the Licensee; (j)Product means coffee, tea, soft drinks, juices, pastries, sandwiches and related items as specified in the menu attached as Schedule C which menu may be amended from time to time with the agreement of the Licensor and the Licensee; (k)Percentage Rental means the percentage rental reserved hereunder and payable by the Licensee; (l)Real Property Taxes means all taxes, rates and assessments, whether general or specially levied or assessed for municipal, school, general or any other purposes by any lawful government authority payable by the Landlord in respect of the Demised Premises and shall include any other taxes payable by the Landlord which in the future are levied in lieu of or in addition to such taxes, rates and assessments the whole as finally determined for each calendar year as a result of assessment, appeal or judicial review, and shall include any legal fees, or appraisers fees incurred by the Landlord in respect of such final determination. (m)Rental means Additional Rental, Percentage Rental, if any, and Minimum Rental; and (n)Term means _______ (__) years commencing on the Commencement Date of the Term and ending on the _____ day of ________, 20__. 2. The Licensor hereby grants to the Licensee a licence to occupy and use Licence Area A on an exclusive basis and Licence Area B on a non-exclusive basis commencing on the Commencement Date of Term for Term unless sooner terminated as hereinafter provided. 3. To use Licence Area for the retail sale of the Products and to use Licence Area B to provide a seating area for the benefit of visitors to and staff of the City Centre Library and for no other purpose during the Term. 4. The Licensor covenants and agrees to pay to the Licensor, in lawful money of Canada, on the days and at the times hereinafter specified, Rental which shall include the aggregate of the sums required to be paid: (a)Minimum Rental and Percentage Rental: The Tenant shall pay the greater of: (i). Minimum Rental of $________ per month commencing on the Commencement Date of Term and the 1st day of each and every month thereafter throughout the Term; or (ii)the Percentage Rental which shall be ___% of Gross Revenue per Licence Year; (b)Additional Rental Any sums, costs, expenses or other amounts from time to time due and payable by the Tenant to the Landlord or to any third persons under the provisions of this Licence, including, without limitation, all amounts payable under Section 4. 3 and Article 5 and all amounts payable by the Tenant by way of indemnity, whether expressed in this Licence to be Basic Rent or Additional Rent or not shall be treated and deemed to be Rent and the Landlord shall have all remedies for the collection of such sums, costs, expenses or other amounts, when in arrears, as are available to the Landlord for collection of Rent in arrears. The Licensee shall also pay for: (i)the removal of garbage generated by the Licencee to the main garbage receptacle, cleaning of spills and pick up of litter in Licence Area B, and any other like service rendered to the Licence Area for the benefit of the Licensee and paid by the Licensor. (ii)the amount of Real Property Taxes applicable to the Licence Area in every Licence Year during the Term or any renewal thereof as and when prescribed by the Landlord.

Key Trends In Footwear Industry

Key Trends In Footwear Industry The key trends currently affecting this industry can be seen in both the macro and micro environments. Firstly, alongside Government health campaigns, consumers are exercising more (Bauer 2008, p.14). Dichotomously, the World Health Organization predicts that there will be 2.3 billion overweight adults in the world by 2015 (BBC News, 2008). Therefore an interesting paradox is emerging between consumers becoming more fitness-oriented and those who are being pushed to exercise more. Bauer further reports that an increase in health-club memberships has driven sales of sportswear. More specific to the sportswear sector, an initial trend is the rise of consumer nostalgia, which has led to many brands re-releasing heritage or retro products for fashion-related purposes. Another key trend is the merging of sportswear and technology as brands develop advanced fabrics and continue to develop activity-specific technologies in each sport (Pedersen, Parks, Quaterman and Thibault 2010, p. 80). Bauer also reports that these companies have a bias towards male consumers, but this being addressed by more attention to womens sporting needs and tastes. Moreover, in response to a higher bargaining power of retailers, sportswear companies are opening their own concept stores. Company Background Puma AG can be considered as one the leading manufacturers of athletic shoes, sportswear, as well as accessories in the world. It is best known for its products like soccer shoes, and uses sponsorship for its marketing strategy. The company had already done several sponsorship for different international sports super stars like Diego Armando Maradonna and offer different line of sport clothing that designed by renowned designers such as Lamine Kouyate. The company was first founded in 1924, as Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik, in English, the Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory by the Dassler brothers, Adi and Rudi. But the partnership ended during the World War II, when the brothers had a great fight, that lead for separation of the business. Adi continue the business and renamed it from his nickname and first 3 letters of his surname: Adidas. On the other hand, Rudi founded his own company named, Puma AG Schufabrik Rudolf Dassles, on the other side of Aurach, in 1948 (Pedersen 2006, p.513). The company had become famous due to their innovative products such as the process of vulcanization in producing their soccer shoes that had become the standard process for the soccer shoes during that time. The company had also introduced their innovation in running shoes with the help of the unique shape sole and the Velcro strap. Puma brand differentiation In recent years, the Puma brand has become synonymous with fashion, style, and sport. Through fresh design, co-branding and partnerships with celebrities and famous designers, Puma has elevated their brand image so that it now competes with fashion brands as well as their traditional rivals in the sporting footwear industry. The Puma brand communication strategy is flexible across multiple categories, yet communicates innovation for an active lifestyle (Sports in America 2008). Puma communicates with each category in a unique manner, but the tone is distinctly tied back to the overall brand through the overarching brand personality and identity. To extend their brand Puma has created concept retail stores that enable people to experience the brand in engaging and compelling ways (Cassidy 2001, p.31). Puma also engages customers through their Mongolian barbeque concept that enables customers to design and build their own footwear from scratch. Further differentiating the brand from traditional rivals, Puma frequently hosts promotional events that are based around active lifestyle themes based on dining, entertainment, fashion, and music. Puma creative advertising Puma has emphasized its position as a trendy brand. For example, during the 2002 World Cup in Japan, while Nike and Adidas spent millions of dollars on conventional advertising, Puma used sushi bars in fifteen cities around the world including New York, Hong Kong, and Madrid to showcase its product. Puma branding director Antonio Bertone noted that Pumas target market of fashion-conscious customers are eating sushi anyway. The company also began running a commercial that featured former English soccer player Vinnie Jones and other Puma sponsored athletes in a sushi restaurant (Tkacik 2002, p. B8). Not all major ad campaigns feature celebrity athlete endorsements. New Balance has a long standing policy against such endorsements. Instead, it relies on campaigns featuring every day people. One of their most recent campaigns ran under the slogan There are two motivations in sports. Which is yours? For love or money? which emphasized their focus on producing shoes for everyone who enjoys sports, not just star athletes (White 2005, p. 13). This strategy complements their original product positioning as a company for serious runners that also makes shoes in all widths, for athletes of different abilities and shoes sizes. Fashionization Style-conscious consumers, guided in part by effective marketing, want shoes that will enhance their image and not just cover their toes. Customers notice whether their shoes have a swoosh or a lack thereof, thus entrants will have difficulty winning them over without these symbols and the cool-factor that goes with them. Even in the athletic shoe sector, the importance of fashion over function is rising. The fashionization of shoes took off in 1997, when Puma enlisted designer Jil Sander to create a limited-edition womens running shoe to ignite its lackluster image and sales (Orecklin 2002, p. Y4). Celebrity advertising The effectiveness of celebrity advertising has been linked by some authors, to the process of social influence (All-Star Athletes Reveal -Almost- All for Puma TV Campaign 2005, p.9). In a seminal work, authors had it distinguished two forms of social influence. The first, termed informational social influence, refers to influence to accept information obtained from another as evidence about reality. The second, normative social influence, refers to the influence to conform to another person or group (Pedersen, Parks, Quaterman and Thibault 2010, p. 112). Using celebrity advertising is necessary, since Puma shoes stick to its goal to mix sports, lifestyle, and fashion. New Stuff campaign PUMA decided to communicate their brand image through a product-focused campaign that conveys cutting edge style to a 16-34 year old audience (Sports Industry Trends 2008). Puma introduced the award winning New Stuff campaign as a way to showcase their design leadership. New stuff print executions highlighted the freshest new Puma styles and the commitment that Puma has to providing customers with innovative sport lifestyle products. A core objective of the campaign was to increase sales, increase the mainstream audiences knowledge of Puma ranges and project the brands core values as being different. New products needed to be showcased to the mainstream audience in a creative and unique way that was unexpected, unique and different (Sports Industry Trends 2008). To communicate this concept, animated animals such as monkeys, bats, bees, mice, and fish are depicted as playfully interacting with Puma products in an engaging and fresh manner. Puma first introduced this campaign in 15 second television advertisements (Thompson and Baden-Fuller 2010, p. 118). The campaign was visually fresh and clean with crisp photography that drew attention to the products. The print advertising that followed reflects the focused simplicity and whimsical nature of the TV spots. Building momentum from the holiday season TV spots were run in November and they drew inspiration from Aesops fables by depicting two typical adversaries gifting each other Puma presents. Based upon the success of the TV ads, print ads were run into the following two seasons highlighting new Puma products. Elements of the ad migrated into surrounding media environments, engaging advertising savvy young adults who might be suspicious of broadcast advertising (Pedersen, Parks, Quaterman and Thibault 2010, p. 218).

Chinese Kinship Systems Essay -- China Chinese Kin Kinship Essays

Chinese Kinship Systems Works Cited Missing It would be impossible to disagree with the statement that â€Å"Chinese kinship is based on male predominance†. In fact this statement may even be under-emphasizing the control and absolute power that males wield across all levels of Chinese society. Of course, where their power initially comes from though, is through the family or termed differently the â€Å"jia†. It is this extended or ideal family that cultivates the consistent patrilineal form of control/descent and dictates that residence in said â€Å"jia† is primarily patrilocal. That being said, what I hope to be able to create over the following pages is a clearer understanding of the ideal (Chinese) system of control. This ideal system,based on the ideal of male predominance, is outlined impeccably in the writings of Baker, Watson and Xiaotong. There are also excellent examples of an ideal â€Å"jia† and its power structure in Wolf’s ethnography, â€Å"The House of Lim†. But Wolfà ¢â‚¬ s ethnography also outlines examples whereby the ideal system of dominance is not always put into practice or is just not as smooth running as the writings of the 3 former anthropologists would have you believe. It is my aim then, to include examples of a patriarchal system encountering problems and realities that are difficult to explain in an â€Å"ideal† sense.There is little doubt, according to Baker, that the first and foremost aspect to understanding Chinese families and society at large is the importance placed on male relationships and descent that is traced through a male line. In contrast, women in Chinese society were given little thought and even less power. They were to be used as reproducers of the male line and to aid in home/farm labour, apart from this; women had only small amounts of power and responsibility. In fact, the patriarchal system demanded that a wife’s only connection with her husband’s family be through the husband himself. He r future then, was caught up with his and her sons only, and she is expected â€Å"to see her husband’s interests as paramount in importance† (Baker, 1979).Yet, women and childbirth, were essential to the continuation of the patrilineal system, which started with the birth of a son or sons to any kinship system be they peasant or gentry class. It was considered vitally important in Chinese society, that a wife bare a son as soon as possible not only for the... ...cumstances would be in Chieng-cua’s position –is still alive and now has a son (Lim A-bok) who is contributing a full share to the family budget. Undoubtedly this ambiguity in structure of the family influences the attitudes of Lim A-pou and her son†.This ambiguity was the eventual death of the united Lim family. Walls were mounted, positions dissolved and property/wealth were divided up as equally as possible. It was not though, the death of the patrilineal system. Patrilocal residence would continue for all of the Lim (future) families, ancestral worship would also continue and male dominance and gender inequality would still reign supreme. In fact very little underneath the surface or socially would change at all, the family would remain a residential and economic unit composed primarily of males. And in order to reproduce itself it would still be forced to import women as brides, and dispose of females born into it by marrying them off to other families. F inally, it would continue to lay heavy stress on relationships through males, and tended to play down those through females, while there was an accompanying stress on the importance of men as opposed to women (Baker, 1979).

Julius Caesar Essay

He says â€Å"If then that friend demand why Brutes rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. † (Ill. Ii. 2022). Brutes here says that he did not kill Caesar because he did not like him, but he put Rome before Caesar in importance and thus killed Caesar for the better of Or me. Another example is â€Å"Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Ca sear were dead, to live all free men? â€Å"(all. Ii. 2324).Even though nobody was a slave when Caesar w as alive, Brutes takes extra precaution because what he said could have happened so Brutes decided to kill Caesar in order for the of Rome to remain free, which tells readers that Brut s did not kill out of jealousy or for power but to make Rome the best it can be. The last example t hat supports Disraeli quote is â€Å"†¦ As I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the s name dagger for myself, when it shall please my country to need my death. â€Å"(all. Ii. 4547).Based on the quote, Brutes is saying that he will kill himself when he finds it necessary for Rome if he becomes the same as Caesar. Career's rule or power also supports Disraeli quote because whatever Cases does, it is mostly for the good of the common people or the plebeians. Antonym reads his will and says, â€Å"To every Roman Citizen he gives / To every several men, seventies drachmas. â€Å"(ill. Iii. 243244). Caesar would not have done this if he was truly corrupt,Caesar did this â€Å"to sec urea the social welfare of the People. He cares about Rome than anything else and always SST rived to make the citizens, especially the lower or poor class, happier and better people. Another r example in which it again came from the will read by Mark Antonym says, â€Å"Moreover, he hath left o all his walks / His private arbors, and new planted orchards/ On this side Tiber; he hath left them you / And to your heirs forever: common pleasures / To walk abroad and recreate yourselves(all. Iii. 49253). And Mark Antonym ends with, â€Å"Here was a Caesar! When comes such another? † (Ill. Iii. 254). Caesar in the eyes of everybody was a great ruler and was a very honorable man. Going back to the will, Caesar leaves all his luxuries to the common people for them to enjoy y, and that right their is a ruler who truly cared about his people and uses his power for the be term of Rome. Lastly, the conspirators actions in killing Caesar support Disraeli quote.All the conspirators want to kill Caesar for the good of Rome, and Cassias wanted pep arsenal power not because of jealousy, but because everybody thought Cassias very lowly com eared to Caesar as described in this quote, â€Å"†¦ Did the tired Caesar. And this man Is now become a god, and Cassias is A wretched creature, and must blend his body If Caesar carelessly b UT nod on 1511 8). Cassias got no respect in saving Caesar from drowning in t he river, everybody looked dow n upon him like he was worth nothing.All the other co inspiration were friends with Caesar until Cassias convinced them to take sides with him and b reek away from Caesar. When Brutes joined, they decided how to kill Caesar and Cassias prop used to kill Mark Antonym but Brutes being the good man he was said to Cassias it would be too bloody because he wants the citizens to look upon them as honorable people, not murderers an d traitors. After Brute's speech, all the plebeians said â€Å"Live, Brutes! Live, Live! â€Å"(all. Ii. 49).If the c moon people thought Brutes killed Caesar out of pure greed and jealousy, than the people would probably not have spared Brutes but the people are convinced that Brutes kill ‘s Caesar not because of hatred but for the better of Rome. In conclusion, Benjamin Disraeli quote,†Power has only one duty secure the e social welfare of the People. † was supported by Brute's Justification in killing Cases r, Career's rule and will, and t he conspirators. True leaders and truly great men use power to truly do good things rather than taking advantage of it and becoming corrupt. Julius Caesar Essay

Clostridium Difficile (C.diff)

Clostridium Difficle is a nosocomial infection acquired mostly in hospitals. In 2005 it was consider the most precarious infection to bombard North American in a decade. Armed with knowledge about the infection, transmission, environmental factors, alternative treatments, prevention and ways to control C. diff healthcare workers can better be prepared to help fight the spread of this deadly infection. A C. Diff, its transmission and environmental factors C. diff is a gram –positive, anaerobic, spore forming bacteria. It colonizes the intestinal tract of those infected after normal intestinal flora has been disrupted by antibiotic therapy. Diagnosis of C. diff is based on clinical symptoms supported by endoscopic finding or stool testing for the presence of the pathogens or toxins. Patients that has taken antibiotics within the past 3 months or a patient that has diarrhea 72 hours after hospitalization should be tested. ELISA is the test used to diagnosis C. diff. It checks for the toxin A or B or both. C. diff incubation period is 1 to 2 weeks. Asymptomatic carriage can range from severe diarrhea, pseudo membranous colitis, toxic mega colon, intestinal perforation, and death from secondary sepsis. C. diff toxin founded in stool ranges from 1% to 2% in normal population to 10% in hospital inpatients and up to 85% to 90% in patients with proven AAPMC. Some risk factors for C. diff includes being over the age of 65, patients who are immunocompromised, gastrointestinal surgery and procedures, gastrointestinal stimulants, antiperistaltic drugs and proton pump inhibitors. The transmission of C. diff can be transmitted by another patient. The transmission can be via commodes, thermometers, bedside tables, floors, and other objects in rooms used by a patient with C. diff. It can also be transmitted from the hands of healthcare workers. That’s why it’s important for healthcare workers to use proper hand hygiene techqines. Healthcare workers must wash hands with soap and water because antiseptic hand santaniers doesn’t destroy C. diff. Environmental factors also play a huge part in the transmission of C. diff. Healthcare professions should know the proper environmental disinfectants to use. Housekeeping staff should ensure proper cleaning and disinfection of equipment and the environment. Patient’s rooms should be properly cleaned at least once a day with proper equipment for isolation rooms. In order to stop the transmission of C. diff all departments must work together to secure that C. diff transmission isn’t constantly transmitted to other patients. Treatments C. diff will usually clear in 20% to 25% of patients with mild infection and the discontinuation of precipitating antibiotic. When patients have moderate to severe diarrhea or colitis oral metronidazole is a treatment used for 10-14 days at a total of three times a day. Metronidazole achievement rate is usually 95% effective. Vancomycin is also used for 10-14 days at a total of four times a day. Vancomycin sometimes promote emergence of VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci). If a patient develops fulminant colitis admittance to ICU is necessary and an emergency colectomy is performed because of severe ileus or impending perforation. Mortality rate is 30% to 80% if surgery is performed. Prevention. Prevention of C. diff starts with avoiding the use of antibiotics that are associated with high rates of C. diff. Healthcare staff, housekeeping, dietary, and maintenance should be informed on the transmission and precautions of C. diff. When C. diff is suspected or verified patient should be place in isolation. The proper precautions should be placed on the door of the resident and visitors should be directed to nursing station before admittance into the room of a person with C. diff. Healthcare workers should drape with gowns and gloves for all contact to prevent the spreading of C. iff. Proper handing washing should be done with hand soap and water because sanitizer with alcohol doesn’t help in the fight against C. diff. Patient care equipment should remain in the room throughout isolation. Patient rooms and equipment should be cleaned with bleach, alkaline gluteraldehyde, or ethylene oxide. Always remember never to mix different solutions because this can cause toxic vapors. All rooms should be terminal cleaned once patient is discharged to prevent further spreading of C. diff. Health Promotion and Wellness Strategy. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has tool kits for healthcare professional. CDC offers up-to-date information, recommended infection control measures, and tools for outbreak response coordination and reporting. CDC also has resources on how to implement and improve antibiotic stewardship efforts. To sum it up all educating healthcare professional on how to stop the transmission and prevention of C. diff can help stop the spreading of C. diff. Learning how to keep yourself as well as the patients free from C. diff can be controlled if everyone works together.