Colorados Amendment 64 - 589 Words

Colorado Amendment 64 On November 6th of his year the nation held an election that decided the presidency of the United States, but couched inside of that national election were several state initiatives concerning national issues. One of these initiatives was Colorados Amendment 64 to the state constitution which authorized the regulation of marijuana by state authorities. Colorado was not the first state to pass such laws, and not the only state to do so in the recent election, and with more states doing so, there must be some type of agreement with the federal government. Marijuana is illegal under federal law, and the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution of the United States clearly provides a solution to a conflict over states versus federal laws: federal laws are supreme. Therefore, despite all the individual states that pass laws regulating the possession, use, and production of marijuana, the federal ban still trumps them all. That is why Colorados Attorney General recently had a conversation wit h Eric Holder, Attorney General of the United States, to see if there could be some type of resolution to this problem. Whenever marijuana initiatives are put to the people, they usually pass with overwhelming public support. It is clear that the general public does not see adult marijuana use as a social problem, any more so than alcohol consumption. And the Colorado law only allows persons 21 and over to consume or possess limited amounts of marijuana. The lawShow MoreRelatedColorado s Legal Weed Market984 Words   |  4 PagesIn November 2000, voters in Colorado passed Amendment 20, which enabled patients and their caregivers to obtain a restricted amount of marijuana from medical dispensaries (Sensible Colorado, n.d). The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment faced legal charges for creating an informal rule prohibiting caregivers from providing medical marijuana to more than 5 patients at a time (Sensible Colorado, n,d). In 2007, Sensible Colorado, Coloradoâ⠂¬â„¢s medical marijuana distribution system, wonRead MoreEssay on Weeding Out Amendment 64642 Words   |  3 PagesColorado voters do not realize how easy they have made it for children to obtain marijuana. When Amendment 64 was passed, an already troublesome condition escalated to a more dangerous level for our youth. School officials are â€Å"reporting an increase in marijuana-related incidents in middle and high schools† (Nancy Lofholm). Sadly, parents smoke openly, in front of their children. Now that they can legally obtain one ounce of marijuana, they do not see the need to keep the drugs out of sight. OnceRead MoreThe Marijuana Of The United States Government1280 Words   |  6 Pages2000 Colorado legislators drafted Amendment 20 to legalize limited amounts of medical marijuana for patients. Advocates of the amendment argued that marijuana has many medical benefits and can effectively help manage symptoms of seriously ill and terminally ill patients. Furthermore, they argue that physicians and other healthcare providers routinely use powerful drugs such as morphine, even though marijuana has less potential for abuse (â€Å"History of Colorado’s Marijuana Laws† 2012). DetractorsRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Legalization Of Marijuana1387 Words   |  6 Pagesa frequent user. Marijuana use in teens can affect the way a teenager copes or problem solves in life(qtd. In Neighmond) . These are both imperative skills to have as one transition into adult hood. The most common issue that was brought up when amendment sixty four was on the ballet was the rise in crime rates. There was tons of speculation that Colorado would see an enormous rise in crime rates. Because marijuana is a mind altering substance a lot of the nation stood back and waited to see theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?884 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 2000 Colorado resident voters passed Amendment 44 into law the legalization of the use of medical marijua na. Furthermore in November 2012, recreational marijuana use was legalized when Colorado resident voters passed Amendment 64 into law. Although these laws were passed in Colorado legalizing marijuana, it does not protect an employee’s job from a company zero-tolerance drug policy. Many companies such as Breeze view the use of marijuana as a violation of their policy and cause for terminationRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 Pagesmarijuana community.† (Newstex 1) Colorado was first state to legalize cannabis for recreational use, making marijuana available to the public in 2014. It is 2016 now, and statistics show it has been nothing but positive for the states revenue. One of Colorado’s reputable real estate investment and development companies revealed that the state had collected over $60 million in tax revenue from cannabis. â€Å"Cannabis is now entering its second year as a legal, recreational adult-use plant in the state. $40Read MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana For Industrial Use940 Words   |  4 Pagesthe first four months. Governor of Colorado, John Hickenlooper who opposed amendment 64 recently compared Colorado’s economy since legalization to that of other states noting â€Å"while the rest of the country’s economy is slowly picking back up, were thriving here in colorado.† (6 Months of Marijuana Sales: Positive Trends Emerge in Colorado. Laura Pegram, n.d. Web. 26 June 2014.) This is a statement di rectly from Colorado’s governor. Tax money can help get our country out of the deep debt that we areRead MorePositives And Negatives Of The Legalization Of Marijuana Essay1137 Words   |  5 Pages2000. Now marijuana is legal for recreational use for people 21 and up. Many rules and regulations follow the legalization of marijuana. Many people of Colorado fear this legalization, where others are totally for it and think it will help boost Colorado’s economy. I have found many positives and negatives regarding the legalization of marijuana. According to Sherry Robinson, a syndicated columnist with the Daily times, Colorado approved medical marijuana in 2000, and it s now a $200 million industryRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana in Colorado Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages2000. Now marijuana is legal for recreational use for people 21 and up. Many rules and regulations follow the legalization of marijuana. Many people of Colorado fear this legalization, where others are totally for it and think it will help boost Colorado’s economy. I have found many positives and negatives regarding the legalization of marijuana. According to Sherry Robinson, a syndicated columnist with the Daily times, Colorado approved medical marijuana in 2000, and its now a $200 million industryRead MoreLegalization of marijuana789 Words   |  4 Pages Some examples include America saving $13.7 billion from abolishing prohibition enforcement costs, its estimated that Washingtons legalization of marijuana could bring the state an additional $500 million in tax revenue, Colorados pot legalization legislation, Amendment 64, is estimated to create $60 million for the state in combined savings and additional tax revenue, prices of marijuana would lower allowing users to save money, and inmates incarcerated on marijuana-related charges cost U.S.

Equal Engagement In Marriage and Between Cultures Essay

Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice illuminates a social courtship between the proud Mister Fitzwilliam Darcy and the shrewd, unconventional Miss Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth is proud of her own identity. She astutely justifies herself as â€Å"a gentleman’s daughter† (Austen 337) in her confrontation with the prejudiced and class-conscious Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mister Fitzwilliam Darcy, who shares Elizabeth’s sharp tongue, comes from a family of high social status; his privileged upbringing instilled in him â€Å"pride and conceit† (Austen 349) that blinds him from acknowledging the similarity and equality between him and Elizabeth. Upon first proposing to Elizabeth, he does not realize that he is not raising her social status by marrying her.†¦show more content†¦In the first balcony scene, Darcy’s exchange with Balraj explicitly reveals to viewers for the first time his assumption that Indian girls and their culture are unsophist icated and inferior. Responding to Balraj’s wish to marry Jaya, Darcy offhandedly says, â€Å"If you really want to get marry, why don’t you just hook up with some Indian girl from England, or even America.† Darcy’s use of â€Å"hook up†, an American slang that connotes sexual interaction, depreciates the value of Indian girls by turning them into mere sexual objects. Moreover, his specific suggestion of â€Å"Indian girls† from England and America directly shows his prejudice against, not only the ethnicity of Indian girls, but also the Indian tradition of arranged marriage that he assumes have raised native girls to be traditional, submissive, and â€Å"simple,† unlike the independent and sophisticated, modern women born and raised in America or England. In addition, this dialogue on the balcony exposes the informal and less refined character of Will Darcy, one that is different from the â€Å"well-bred† (Austen 18) and rese rved mannerism of Fitzwilliam Darcy. Purposely made by Chadha, Darcy’s informality signifies his inclination for the free, modern behavior that is prevalent in the American culture. Through Darcy, a representative of America, viewers can observe one American’s attempt to impose his world view over theShow MoreRelatedCultural Culture Courtship And Marriage1268 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand other cultures from an emic perspective, and there is a tendency to favor your culture, viewing it as superior. It is helpful to change your perspective, assuming an outside view towards your culture and taking an inside look at another. Over the course of this paper, I will explain my American Culture courtship and marriage traditions through the etic eye to show the perspective to an outsider, and I will examine an aspect of the Sub-Saharan African polygyny marriage from an emic perspectiveRead MoreUnited Arab Emirates Culture : Family, Date And Marriage1021 Words   |  5 Page sArab Emirates Culture (Family, Date and Marriage and Personal Appearance) By Mahoula Dosso Introduction I. Attention getter: I am sure many of you in the audience have noted the differences in cultures of different ethnicities, especially in multiethnic countries, haven’t you? Me too. II. Connect topic to audience: Many people often wonder why the cultures of one tribe might be so different from others from the way they structure their families to the forms of dating and marriage to their personalRead More Comparing Jane Eyre and Yellow Wallpaper1650 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities Between Jane Eyre and Yellow Wallpaper   Ã‚   There are notable similarities between Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper and Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre. These similarities include the treatment of space, the use of a gothic tone with elements of realism, a sense of male superiority, and the mental instability of women. There is a similar treatment of space in the two works, with the larger, upstairs rooms at the summer lodging and at Thornfield Hall being associatedRead Moreresearch paper marriage tradition1355 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿(Susana) Wai Ha Fok EN114 Marriage Traditions: Vast difference There is a huge difference between Chinese and western culture in marriage traditions. Due to the different background of religions, histories, also the evolution of thought and custom, meanings behind the marriage and wedding routines are vary. Chinas traditional idea of marriage is believed in â€Å"accommodate to the harmonious† philosophy (I Ching: Book of Changes, Fu Xi). It is not only a deal between two people but also relatedRead More Same-Sex Marriage and Religious Liberties: Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, legalization of same-sex marriage has a long-standing history of opposition from religious circles. Some argue against the legalization of same-sex marriage based on their interpretation of the Bible’s stance against homosexuality (Dobson, O’Brien). Other opponents argue against the practice based on universal tenets of moral behavior, fundamental beliefs that are said to underpin our country’s existing laws and s hould not be eroded (George, Finnis, Friedman). IncreasinglyRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan1704 Words   |  7 Pagessupport promptly ended with the withdrawal of Soviet troops in 1989. However, the Soviet Union continued to financially support President Mohammad Najibullah until his ousting in 1992. The Peshawar Accord of 1992, a peace and power sharing agreement between all major Afghan resistance parties, established the Islamic State of Afghanistan. However, instability quickly developed among all the factions and the newly created state had no time to consolidate. In 1994, the Taliban led by mujahideen commanderRead MoreDating Patterns Among College Students Essay1309 Words   |  6 Pagesto dating say sixty or even eighty years ago. Dating trends today, such as cohabitation, would be considered insanity or chaos if these patterns were displayed in the 1920’s. Today the majority of persons who date are seeking the outcome of a marriage (although research does not agree with this). Eighty years ago, p eople dated for fun, pleasure, and recreation (Schwartz 116), and only â€Å"popular† people dated (Waller 1937), dating was a rarity, and limited to people in their late teen years orRead MoreWomen Of A Russian Jewish Woman By Pauline Wengeroff1364 Words   |  6 Pagesthis was reflected in the institution of marriage. Jews began to gradually change their views about marriage, and specifically about marriage age, choice of partner, and the role of each partner in approaching their marriage. Although such change seemed inevitable, it was something new for a group which historically was so grounded in the upkeeping of religious and cultural traditions. As representative of the early beginnings of change in Jewish marriage customs in the mid 1800’s, Pauline WengeroffRead MoreThe Three Day Blow By Ernest Hemingway1184 Words   |  5 Pagespatriarchal society. In a patriarchal society, culture is based solely on male values, while female values are oppressed due to male dominance. However, such views have started to contradict with one another as shown in the story, leading to the growing power of women’s values. In the story, Nick and Bill are grown men having a conversation about topics such as fishing, sports and hunting. Bill is seen as a stereotypical sexist man with his indifferences with marriage and commitment, as he does not like theRead More Television and Media - Seinfeld, Much Ado About Nothing Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesSeinfeld – Much Ado About Nothing We like to label things in our culture. Those over the age of 65 are called senior citizens. Those under the age of 18 are called children. Anyone falling in between those ages are considered adults and there are certain expectations placed on that demographic. Adults are the backbone of society, responsible for basically just about everything. Television reflects that responsibility, as adults are usually portrayed as hard-working, career-oriented, and

International Brand Communication And Management

Question: Describe about the International Brand Communication? Answer: Introduction: The term branding is defined as the process which is composed of the creation of a unique image and name for a particular product in the mind of the customers mainly by the help of the advertising campaigns along with a consistent theme. The aim and objective of branding is to establish a differentiated and significant presence in the competitive market which attracts the new customers and also retains the existing customers as the loyal customers. On the other hand, international branding means the branding which helps to attract customers from the whole world, therefore, the growth and the expansion of the company takes place worldwide. International branding and attracting customers through this branding is very difficult as people of various countries have various cultures and therefore, the meaning of the brand name, and also the advertising promotion campaign theme should vary such that none of the individuals of the different countries would get hurt regarding their culture an d beliefs. Thus, in international branding, management plays an important or vital role. In the particular project, the company Skoda has been chosen, therefore, the international branding, its management and the communication through the international branding has been discussed. PEST Analysis and Porters 5 Forces: Among all the companies, decision has been made to visit the company Skoda. By visiting the company, the business environment of the company can be analyzed through most widely known tools, that is, PEST analysis and Porters 5 Forces. The modified analysis is the PESTEL analysis, where the acronym means political, environmental, technological, environmental and legal factors which affect or influence the company has been analyzed (Verissimo, 2013). Generally, PESTEL analysis describes the outline of the macro environment with respect to the business environment. Political factors are consisted of various policies which are implemented by the government of the country like the involvement in the economy. It is also consisted of the various types of services and goods which should be produced and also the priorities are provided regarding the support of the business. In the company Skoda, the changes in the regulations and laws like environmental laws, taxation requirements, legal power of the overseas countries and accounting standards might affect the business of the company especially in the international trade (Grnroos, C., 2007). Therefore, it can be said that monitoring the various regulations and policies of the government in a continuous manner is very critical. Therefore, according to the PESTLE analysis of the particular company, the alterations of various rules might affect the business of Skoda to a great extent. For example, the principles and rules regarding the accounting criterion, taxation requests, environmental laws and the authority of federations in the international market have an important role as it might affect the business of Skoda (Skoda.co.uk., 2015). Economic factors that affect the company Skoda include interest rates, economic growth, inflation rates and also exchange rates. In the company Skoda, the interest rate might affect the cost of capital of the particular company (MacInnis, D. J., 2011). Thus, it determines the extent of the growth and also the expansion of the business. The costs of exporting goods, the price and the supply of imported goods might be affected by the exchange rates. Therefore, it can be said that economic factor affects the economic condition of Skoda. Social factors include health perception, cultural aspects, age distribution, population growth and emphasis on safety. Generally, the changes in social factors influence the operation and product demand. In the company Skoda, to cope up with the trends like increased labor cost, less-willing workforce for aging and many more, various management strategies have been adopted by the management of the particular company (Kotler, P., 2011). Therefore, the HR department of the company Skoda is more concerned about the age limit during the recruitment of the new workers. Technological factors includes rate of changes of technology, technical inducements and automation. These influence the outsourcing decisions, efficient production level and market entry barriers of a company. Skoda produces branded motor cars and thus, the main focus of the particular company is on the technology (Engelen, A., and Brettel, M., 2011). Technology helps to create opportunities for product improvement and new products. With the advancement of the technology new products might be launched. Environmental factors include climate, weather, and the climatic changes which are considered to be the environmental factors. These factors influence the tourism, insurance and farming industries. Awareness regarding the potential impacts of climate change affects the operation of the company and also the various offers regarding their products that create both new markets in the society and also diminish the existing market. Thus the company Skoda manufactures environment friendly products with the aim to protect and preserve the irreplaceable environment and some models even provide the facility of meeting the EU4 emission standard (Skoda-auto.co.in., 2015). Legal factors include discrimination law, antitrust law, consumer law, employment law, health and safety law. The company Skoda generally receives all the rights applicable in the nature of their business and each and every product developments and inventions are incorporated within the patented process (Skoda-auto.com., 2015). Michael E. Porter has developed an excellent and comprehensive conceptual framework to analyze the industry structure, assets the nature of the competitive environment and develop competitive strategies (MacKay, 2011). Porters Five Forces Model of competition includes: Threat of Entry: As the increased power of the consumers of buying in the former Soviet Union countries and also in emerging countries, many firms might take this as an opportunity with the aim to move the plants to Eastern Europe to decrease their costs and also to compete in the market. Additionally, for the first time in fifty years, the consumers of Eastern European have access to a wider variety of cars than they have had. Both these factors generally heat up the competitive environment (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele and Waller, 2012). Bargaining Power of Buyers: When the competition increases in the whole world regarding the automobile manufacturing industry, the customers get many choices from which they can select one while purchasing a car. The movement of the formerly a oligopoly or monopoly market within a particular country to a global industry has bound to increase the intense price competition (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Thus, this particular industry is also known as buyers market. In the developing countries, the customers are wooed with cheaper prices, and in much developed or highly developed countries, the customers are wooed with product differentiation, that is, the price of the products varies in each and every market. Bargaining power of suppliers: With the movement towards just-in-time inventory systems, the automobile manufacturing industry has greater pressure on the suppliers to move their plant locations to the supplying automobile plants (Pride and Ferrell, 2012). There are also some companies of automobile which have started to supply their own parts and thus, these companies have eliminated many of the suppliers they formerly used. Thus, the bargaining power of the suppliers have decreased or greatly weakened. Pressure from substitute products: A little pressure is put on the company by the substitute products in the current market as the automobiles have become the substitute product for other types of transport like bicycles in developing countries (Grewal and Levy, 2012). But in the highly developed countries the mode of public transportation is heavily populated. Thus, this provides more threat to the automobile industries in these countries. In many European countries, the modes of public transportation have been widely refined. Rivalry among existing competitors: The global automobile manufacturing industry is the most competitive industry in the whole world. Additionally, various new companies have emerged in the developing countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and Asia. All these companies tried to decrease the costs by moving the industries to low cost countries, such that the location of Skoda in such a country would not be a competitive advantage for long (McConnell, 2011). The company does not have to face only comlpetitive markets and challenges, but it has also future business prospects, like the company appoints new Head of Marketing for media planning and buying, digital, events, advertising, retailer support and sponsorship. Their aim is to launch fantastic new models, which will help to drive the brand forward and vast growth in UK. Models Of Branding: The companys marketing activities regarding the 4 Ps of the Marketing Mix can be better analyzed by the two models of Branding, that is, Brand Onion and Brand triangle. Brand Onion is also known as Five Product Levels. It is constituted of five levels of product core benefit, basic product, expected product, augmented product and potential product (Kotler and Keller, 2012). The core benefit is the most important feature of any product, thus it is kept in the centre of the model diagram. Then comes the basic product, then the expected product, fourthly the augmented product and finally the potential product, placed towards the outer side of the core benefit respectively. The Brand Onion model is represented as follows: The brand model: The brand model of the company Skoda is composed of both internal and external layers like onions. The internal layers of the brand model are composed of vision and values of the company Skoda and the outer or the external layers are composed of personality and positioning. The layer vision indicates the view point of the management of the company Skoda regarding the future of the company and their goals which they should fulfill through their innovative products. The layer value indicates the belief system of the working employees of the company regarding their workplace and the product of the company Skoda. The value of a company helps to communicate all the employees of the organization Skoda with each and every level starting from the management to the line workers. Thus the well communicated employees can easily communicate with the customers of the company Skoda. The level of personality is seen by the customers of the company Skoda regarding the information about the company a nd all their perception regarding the brand name, and the value of the company. Lastly, positioning indicates the position of the company in the competitive market from the view point of the customers of the company Skoda. Therefore it can be said that the positioning of the company Skoda includes the summary about the particular brand in relation to competition in the market in the mind of the consumers. Brand Triangle is also known as brand loyalty pyramid. Through this pyramid, the loyalty of the customers towards the product of the company is tested. It consists of five levels, they are listed here from the base to the peak of the pyramid, and they are switchers or price sensitive, satisfied buyer, satisfied buyer who would incur costs to switch, likes the brand and the committed buyer respectively (Martin and Schouten, 2012). The Brand Loyalty Pyramid model is represented as follows: Brand Triangle Model The base of the brand triangle model represents the price sensitivity, that is, the customers at first notice the price for the product, whether the price is within their budget or not. Then they switch over the new product of the new brand. In the second step, the buyer gets satisfied by buying the product. In the third step, the satisfied buyer will incur costs to switch, and influence other customers to buy the same product. In the fourth step, customers started to like the brand and the product and get attached to the brand. In the last step, the buyers get committed to the brand and the company. Thus, the peak of the triangle or the pyramid represents the customers who are loyal to the brand. Therefore, in future, these loyal customers would buy the product from the same brand or company, whatever may be the price of the product, and it would not affect them (Ferrand, Chappelet and SeÃÅ' guin, 2012). The marketing activities of any company are represented by the Market Mix, that is, 4 Ps Price, Place, Promotion and Product (Mukaila Ayanda and Joseph Adefemi, 2011). Generally, these four marketing planning activities are practiced by the organization Skoda. Thus, for PRODUCT- Skoda focuses on product variety, quality, design, features, services, warranties and even on customer feedback. So that by utilizing market intelligence services it could make customers happy (Hooley, Piercy and Nicoulaud, 2012). Skoda has won many awards for the quality of automobile production by introducing innovations in features, electronics and designs. Manpower is the greatest strength of Skoda, thus the company is able to produce good quality products and in large numbers. Due to this, Skoda is the achiever of highest growth in whole Europe that is, Eastern Europe, Western Europe and Central Europe. PRICE The focus is on price, discounts, allowances, and payment period and credit terms (Kotler and Sheth, 2012). Skoda introduced many financial schemes across the developed countries like UK and also in developing countries like India. Skoda gives different facilities to its customers, regarding the price or financial matter of buying the Skoda car, like Business finance, Personal Finance, Skoda Finance, Skoda insurance, and various finance offers. PROMOTION Here focus is on sales promotion, advertising, sales force, and public relations (Kotler, Hessekiel and Lee, 2012). Skoda is concentrated on promotion of the products, but main focus is on the price of the products. Latest model Fabia was launched with a huge number of promotional advertisements on newspapers, magazines and television in UK. The other factors which support Skoda in promoting its all products are the awards it won, customer promise, their 4 x 4 models, peace of mind, quality production, reviews and winning design. PLACE Here the main focus is on the target market. Low cost country sourcing strategy helped the company to increase its target market and target customers (Lilien and Grewal, 2012). At first, the target market of the company Skoda was only the developed countries like UK, but later on they started to make the developing countries or the emerging countries as their targeted market, and applied different strategies of pricing, marketing, promotion to spread the goodwill and the companys market in the developing countries. Different Marketing Strategies Followed By Skoda: In the year 1890, Skoda started manufacturing bi cycles and later on in the year 1925, the company started to produce cars in Czechoslovakia. Their basic strategy is to make reasonable and affordable price cars, thus they kept the cars simple and of sober manner. The mission of the company is to make quality products and make customers happy and satisfied. Thus, designs are made according to the customers desire and needs and always of good standard. These are the main attractiveness of the company Skoda. The other value of the company Skoda is its dedication to develop their products further and produce them in different innovative ways. Thus, total assets are increasing gradually by spreading the business in both developed and emerging countries. Various types of marketing strategies are applied by the company Skoda in the countries U.K. and India. These are as follows: U.K. India Strategy 1: Think big and audit the timing of the company Strategy 1: Collect e-mail addresses of the common people of the area or the region. Strategy 2: The company put itself as a different or unique from the other automobiles manufacturers and therefore stands out from the competitions. Strategy 2: Top sales people are hired for the growth of the company in an overseas country. Strategy 3: Build relationships with the customers. Strategy 3: People of the country are paid for pay-per-click advertising. Strategy 4: A shopping cart is put on the website of the company Skoda. Strategy 4: Customer service commandments are used by the company with the aim to create good habits. References: Elliott, G., Rundle-Thiele, S. and Waller, D. (2012).Marketing. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. Ferrand, A., Chappelet, J. and SeÃÅ' guin, B. (2012).Olympic marketing. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Grewal, D. and Levy, M. (2012).Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Hooley, G., Piercy, N. and Nicoulaud, B. (2012).Marketing strategy competitive positioning. Harlow, England: Pearson Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. (2012).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. and Sheth, J. (2012).Legends in marketing. New Delhi: SAGE Publications. Kotler, P., Hessekiel, D. and Lee, N. (2012).Good works. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Lilien, G. and Grewal, R. (2012).Handbook of Business-to-Business Marketing. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. MacKay, C. (2011).Effective Marketing in Easy Steps. Southam: In Easy Steps Limited. Martin, D. and Schouten, J. (2012).Sustainable marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. McConnell, J. (2011). Readers' ten most influential.The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 11(10), pp.726-727. Mukaila Ayanda, A. and Joseph Adefemi, B. (2011). Marketing Mix Practice as a Determinant of Entrepreneurial Business Performance.IJBM, 7(1). Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2012).Marketing. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Siebert, R. (2015). Entering New Markets in the Presence of Competition: Price Discrimination versus Cannibalization.Journal of Economics Management Strategy, 24(2), pp.369-389. Verissimo, D. (2013). Pest Control: Embrace Marketing.Science, 342(6160), pp.798-799. Grnroos, C. (2007). An applied service marketing theory.European journal of marketing,16(7), 30-41. MacInnis, D. J. (2011). A framework for conceptual contributions in marketing.Journal of Marketing,75(4), 136-154. Kotler, P. (2011). Reinventing marketing to manage the environmental imperative.Journal of Marketing,75(4), 132-135. Engelen, A., and Brettel, M. (2011). Assessing cross-cultural marketing theory and research.Journal of Business Research,64(5), 516-523. Skoda.co.uk (2015).KODA UK - KODA. [online] Skoda.co.uk. Available at: https://www.skoda.co.uk [Accessed 16 Oct. 2015]. Skoda-auto.co.in (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.skoda-auto.co.in/about-skoda/company-perspective/environment/environment [Accessed 16 Oct. 2015]. Skoda-auto.com (2015). [online] Available at: https://skoda-auto.com [Accessed 16 Oct. 2015].

Survey Researchers And Process Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Survey Researchers And Process. Answer: Feedback response As stated from the response given, surveys represent a social quantitative based approach tool for social science, which entails researchers selecting sample respondents in the general population and initiating administration of questionnaires. As stated, there exist varied ways of administration and delivery of the questionnaires which serves best the interest of the research process. Surveys are critical for collecting information from larger populations. Further survey researchers are applied cross sectionaly in different disciplines thus can be modified to suit any field of interest. They are crucial in highlighting key information at point in time of a phenomenon, (Baffour et al, 2013). Further apart from the survey process detailed, they exist in various methods which include census methods, house hold surveys and even opinion pools. It depends majorly on questionnaire as the primary tool of data collection or online coded questionnaires for ease of use, (Eagly Riger 2014). Findings in survey studies can incorporate measures of correlation and causality, however relationship of variables may make predictions but not necessarily establish causality, and thus correlation does not mean causality. Further coefficient of correlation can often be affected by error measurements which can lead to wrong estimation of coefficients, (Shaughessy, Zechmeister Jeane, 2011). The use of closed ended responses is to control for variances and also analysed data are effective for hypothesis generation. Questionnaires are beneficial in allowing for minimal contact between the researchers and the study participants, further multiple handling of the sample participants can be obtained, (Fowler, 2013). The use of interviews can be also adopted for this design. Thus this feedback reflects the response given and further enhances the operational field of surveys designs. References Baffour, B., King, T. and Valente, P., 2013. The modern census: evolution, examples and evaluation. International statistical review, 81(3), pp.407-425. Eagly, A.H. and Riger, S., 2014. Feminism and psychology: Critiques of methods and epistemology. American Psychologist, 69(7), p.685. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013. Survey research methods. Sage publications. Shaughnessy, J.; Zechmeister, E.; Jeanne, Z. (2011). Research methods in psychology (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. pp.161175.

The Ways Religion Could Affect to Change in Societies

American Presidents Who Owned Slaves

American Presidents Who Owned Slaves American presidents have a complicated history with slavery. Four of the first five presidents owned slaves while serving as president. Of the next five presidents, two owned slaves while president and two had owned slaves earlier in life. As late as 1850 an American president was the owner of a large number of slaves while serving in office. This is a look at the presidents who owned slaves. But first, its easy to dispense with the two early presidents who did not own slaves, an illustrious father and son from Massachusetts: The Early Exceptions John Adams:  The second president did not approve of slavery and never owned slaves. He and his wife Abigail were offended when the federal government moved to the new city of Washington and slaves were constructing  public buildings, including their new residence, the Executive Mansion (which we now call the White House). John Quincy Adams:  The son of the second president was a lifelong opponent of slavery. Following his single term as president in the 1820s he served in the House of Representatives, where he was often a vocal advocate for the end of slavery. For years Adams battled against the gag rule, which prevented any discussion of slavery on the floor of the House of Representatives. The Early Virginians Four of the first five presidents were products of a Virginia society in which slavery was a part of everyday life and a major component of the economy. So while Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe were all considered patriots who valued liberty, they all took slavery for granted. George Washington: The first president owned slaves for most of his life, beginning at the age of 11 when he inherited ten enslaved farm workers upon the death of his father. During his adult life at Mount Vernon, Washington relied on a varied workforce of enslaved people. In 1774, the number of slaves at Mount Vernon stood at 119. In 1786, after the Revolutionary War, but before Washingtons two terms as president, there were more than 200 slaves on the plantation, including a number of children. In 1799, following Washingtons tenure as president, there were 317 slaves living and working at Mount Vernon. The changes in slave population are partly due to Washingtons wife, Martha, inheriting slaves. But there are also reports that Washington purchased slaves during that period. For most of Washingtons eight years in office the federal government was based in  Philadelphia. To skirt a Pennsylvania law that would grant a slave freedom if he or she lived within the state for six months, Washington shuttled slaves back and forth to Mount Vernon. When Washington died his slaves were freed according to a provision in his will. However, that did not end slavery at Mount Vernon. His wife owned a number of slaves, which she did not free for another two years. And when Washingtons nephew, Bushrod Washington, inherited Mount Vernon, a new population of slaves lived and worked on the plantation. Thomas Jefferson: It has been calculated  that Jefferson owned more than 600 slaves over the course of his life. At his estate, Monticello, there would have usually been an enslaved population of about 100 people. The estate was kept running by slave gardeners, coopers, nail makers, and even cooks who had been trained to prepare French cuisine prized by Jefferson. It was widely rumored that Jefferson  had a longtime affair with Sally Hemings, a slave who was the half-sister of Jeffersons late wife. James Madison:  The fourth president was born to a slave-owning family in Virginia. He owned slaves throughout his life. One of his slaves, Paul Jennings, lived in the White House as one of Madisons servants while a teenager. Jennings holds an interesting distinction:  a small book he published decades later is considered the first memoir of life in the White House. And, of course, it could also be considered a slave narrative. In A Colored Mans Reminiscences of James Madison, published in 1865, Jennings described Madison in complimentary terms. Jennings provided details about the episode in which objects from the White House, including the famous portrait of George Washington that hangs in the East Room, were taken from the mansion before the British burned it in August 1814. According to Jennings, the works of securing valuables was mostly done by the slaves, not by Dolley Madison. James Monroe:  Growing up on a Virginia tobacco farm, James Monroe would have been surrounded by slaves who worked the land. He inherited a slave named Ralph from his father, and as an adult, at his own farm, Highland, he owned about 30 slaves. Monroe thought colonization, the resettlement of slaves outside the United States, would be the eventual solution to the issue of slavery. He believed in the mission of  the American Colonization Society, which was formed just before Monroe took office. The capitol of Liberia, which was founded by American slaves who settled in Africa, was named Monrovia in honor of Monroe. The Jacksonian Era Andrew Jackson:  During the four years John Quincy Adams lived in the White House, there were no slaves living on the property. That changed when Andrew Jackson, from Tennessee, took office in March 1829.   Jackson harbored  no qualms about slavery. His business pursuits in the 1790s and early 1800s included slave trading, a point later raised by opponents during his political campaigns of the 1820s. Jackson first bought a slave in 1788, while a young lawyer and land speculator. He continued trading slaves, and a considerable part of his fortune would have been his ownership of human property. When he bought his plantation, The Hermitage, in 1804, he brought nine slaves with him. By the time he became president, the slave population, through purchase and reproduction, had grown to about 100. Taking up residence in the Executive Mansion (as the White House was known at the time), Jackson brought household slaves from The Hermitage, his estate in Tennessee.   After his two terms in office, Jackson returned to The Hermitage, where he continued to own a large population of slaves. At the time of his death Jackson owned approximately 150 slaves. Martin Van Buren:  As a New Yorker, Van Buren seems an unlikely slave owner. And, he eventually ran on the ticket of the Free-Soil Party, a political party of the late 1840s opposed to the spread of slavery. Yet slavery had been legal in New York when Van Buren was growing up, and his father owned a small number of slaves. As an adult, Van Buren owned one slave, who escaped. Van Buren seems to have made no effort to locate him. When he was finally discovered after ten years and Van Buren was notified, he allowed him to remain free. William Henry Harrison:  Though he campaigned in 1840 as a frontier character who lived in a log cabin, William Henry Harrison was born at Berkeley Plantation in Virginia. His ancestral home had been worked by slaves for generations, and Harrison would have grown up in considerable luxury which was supported by slave labor. He inherited slaves from his father, but owing to his particular circumstances, he did not own slaves for most of his life. As a young son of the family, he  would not inherit the familys land. So Harrison had to find a career, and eventually settled on the military. As military governor of Indiana, Harrison sought to make slavery legal in the territory, but that was opposed by the Jefferson administration. William Henry Harrisons slave-owning was decades behind him by the time he was elected president. And as he died in the White House a month after moving in, he had no impact on the issue of slavery during his very brief term in office. John Tyler:  The man who became president upon Harrisons death was a Virginian who had grown up in a society accustomed to slavery, and who owned slaves while president. Tyler was representative of the paradox, or hypocrisy, of someone who claimed that slavery was evil while actively perpetuating it. During his time as president he owned about 70 slaves who worked on his estate in Virginia. Tylers one term in office was rocky and ended in 1845. Fifteen years later, he participated in efforts to avoid the Civil War by reaching some sort of compromise which would have allowed slavery to continue. After the war began he was elected to the legislature of the Confederate States of America, but he died before he took his seat. Tyler has an unique distinction in American history: As he was actively involved in the rebellion of the slave states when he died, he is the only American president whose death was not observed with official mourning in the nations capital. James K. Polk:  The man whose 1844 nomination as a dark horse candidate surprised even himself was a slave owner from Tennessee. On his estate, Polk owned about 25 slaves. He was seen as being tolerant of slavery, yet not fanatical about the issue (unlike politicians of the day such as South Carolinas John C. Calhoun). That helped Polk secure the Democratic nomination at a time when discord over slavery was beginning to have a major impact on American politics. Polk did not live long after leaving office, and he still owned slaves at the time of his death. His slaves were to be freed when his wife died, though events, specifically the Civil War and the Thirteenth Amendment, interceded to free them long before his wifes death decades later. Zachary Taylor:  The last president to own slaves while in office was a career soldier who had become a national hero in the Mexican War. Zachary Taylor also was a wealthy landowner and he possessed about 150 slaves. As the issue of slavery was beginning to split the nation, he found himself straddling the position of owning a large number of slaves while also seeming to lean against the spread of slavery. The Compromise of 1850, which essentially delayed the Civil War for a decade, was worked out on Capitol Hill while Taylor was president. But he died in office in July 1850, and the legislation really took effect during the term of his successor, Millard Fillmore (a New Yorker who had never owned slaves). After Fillmore, the next president was Franklin Pierce, who had grown up in New England and had no history of slave ownership. Following Pierce, James Buchanan, a Pennsylvanian, is believed to have purchased slaves whom he set free and employed as servants. Abraham Lincolns successor, Andrew Johnson, had owned slaves during his earlier life in Tennessee. But, of course, slavery became officially illegal during his term of office with the ratification of the 13th Amendment. The president who followed Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, had, of course, been a hero of the Civil War. And Grants advancing armies had freed a vast number of slaves during the final years of the war. Yet Grant, in the 1850s, had owned a slave. In the late 1850s, Grant lived with his family at White Haven, a Missouri farm which belonged to his wifes family, the Dents. The family had owned slaves who worked on the farm, and in the 1850s about 18 slaves were living on the farm. After leaving the Army, Grant managed the farm.  And he acquired one slave, William Jones, from his father in law (there are conflicting accounts about how that came to happen). In 1859 Grant freed Jones.

The City Both Offers and Restricts Possibility Essay - 1

The City Both Offers and Restricts Possibility - Essay Example In the first, part of The City, in Literature, the author links various aspects of life to the growing city. The residents have to deal with and understand the western idea of the growing city. The author uses philosophy, literature, and urban history to untangle the contradictory images and meanings of the urban experience. The growth of the city led to considerable rural to urban migration. Most people expected to lead a better life in the city. In the minds of these people, the introduction of the city gave them a picture of the western-like city forgetting the aspect of growth and time. Every idea and places starts from the first steps and should be given time, and enough resources to grow before we can start utilizing. The western idea of a city is what the characters in the book have in mind in relation to the city. The author traces the connection between creative writing and the city from the early novel in England to the apocalyptic cityscapes of Thomas Pychon. This relation ship aims at bringing out the understanding of the people of the city. Along the way, Lehan collects a prosperous backup of prop up, which includes Charles Dickens, Daniel Defoe, James Joyce, and even Theodore Dreiser. The European city in the literature has several shortfalls, and this is what the author emphasizes in his works. Notable in the literature is the turn down of feudalism while, at the same time there is the rise of the realm and dictatorship. The author relates the American city against the observable fact of the wilderness, the cutting edge, and the augment of the megalopolis. However, this is not the picture of what the residents of the city have, and this is only present in the available literature. From the above description, the statement; the city both offers and restricts possibility comes to light. In this notion, possibility could be in terms of the people’s ability to change and reform their lives to suit that of the American city. The statement means that the magnitude of change lies in the people’s ideology of the city. The presence of the city acts as a bridge to their achievement of the various things they need. For instance, in the event people want to have a better life economically, socially, and legally, then they have the city as their gate pass. On the other hand, the city acts as a limitation to the achievements of these dreams because of the existing restrictions. These restrictions are in terms of leadership, which is not so liberal hence, limiting the city’s residents in their ideologies of life. The City in Literature presents sharply imprinted portrayals of the correspondence between rationalism and entrepreneurship (Lehan, 1998, p.246). In as much as this information is only present in literature, the people have the capacity to changing this in to a real life practice. The resources and infrastructure, which can make this possible, is present in the city. However, the leadership in the city, which is mostly dictatorship, limits the occurrence of this development. The literature further explores the rise of the city, the demure of the landed estate, and the development of genres. The detective narrative, the gothic, and fantasy literature enable the author to explain the meaning of the city both offers and restricts possibility. Urban life is a process and requires exploration in all

Acute Care Services Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Acute Care Services - Research Paper Example The hospital has a well-thought strategy for recruitment of nurses in the hospital. The strategy is a part of hospital’s overall staff recruitment policy which recognizes the importance of nurses in the quality healthcare provided by the hospital. The hospital recognizes recruitment as a basic function that holds key to proper functioning of the hospital in healthcare delivery. Therefore, recruitment is not an isolated but a central function that almost affects everything in the organization. The over-riding objective of the recruitment strategy is to attract competent and committed individuals who will make nursing a career and also stay for a long period in hospital service, in effect resolving the problem of frequent resignations leading to increased retention of nurses in ACUs of the hospital. Thus, recruitment of nurses for ACUs is based on an internal recruitment policy to recruit the best of qualified nurses and the strategy comprises the following strategic actions: Recruitment of nurses is an on-going biannual activity to fill available vacancies. Under this strategic mechanism, the required strength of 30 nurses for all ACUs should be maintained in any case so that the functioning of the hospital does not suffer. Under this approach applications are welcome from all interested qualifies nurses to register with the hospital database. The hospital conducts regular monthly reviews of all potential candidates fitting the requirements and invites them to the hospital for personal discussion.

Ethical Decision Making and Ethical Leadership Coursework

Ethical Decision Making and Ethical Leadership - Coursework Example I understand your current dilemma, and I am glad that you are seeking further insight into the issue. The Kohlberg Model is of critical importance in this situation as it can help you analyze the level of ethics you should exhibit. Although the issue at hand deals with accepting a small gift from a customer, my advice to you will be applicable in other situations in the future. As an employee who has worked for the company for a long time, it is important to begin appreciating the universal ethical principle that Kohlberg described in stage 6 of his model. There is a need for an individual to examine any action in a categorical manner before proceeding with it (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013). When acting in conformity to this stage, an individual will be displaying moral maturity because he or she will do what is right not because they are afraid of punishment, but because they realize that it is the right thing to do. In your current situation, accepting a gift from a customer even if it is of a small value is a contravention of the company’s code of ethics. In additio n, universal business ethics do not promote such behavior. Therefore, I hope you will reconsider the company’s code of ethics as well as the universal ethical principles in your effort to exhibit ethical behavior in the current situation. Notably, if you act in accordance in accordance with the sixth stage of Kohlberg Model, you will realize that it will be much easier to make ethical decisions in the future (Klikauer,

A Creative Society Helps the Development of a Country

A Creative Society Helps the Development of a Country Jonathan Alberto Hermenejildo Bello Suneeta Williams    Abstract The next pages focus on an investigation of how creativity can become a great tool, which helps the development the country with the creation of new things. The methodology that was used to carry out the research was through the collection of data of articles, documentaries, videos on YouTube, and dictionaries. Creativity needs to be cultivated in children between four and five years old at school to create efficient people by changing the model of education in the country. Moreover, with inclusion of creativity in the educational system can generate breakthroughs in the society of a country. This way can change the world and help to have a better society. Whats done to children, they will do to society. -Karl A. Menninger (2001) Creativity is the capacity to generate new interesting ideas. These ideas might be applied to real life, and this is called innovation. Also, creativity is another way of seeing things compared to other people. According to Ossola (2014) creativity is innate because each person thinks in different ways. Nowadays creativity is being lost and one of the most important reasons is that students do not have motivation to improve their capacity to think or develop imagination. The way students learn and what they need to learn is rapidly changing. The antiquated model of education used in Ecuador does not develop good creativity in students. Creativity needs to be cultivated in children between four and five years old at school to create efficient people by changing the model of education in the country. First, historically the Ecuadorian educational system was guided by republican governments and religion, specifically Catholicism. Ecuador is funding has given priority to invest resources in other areas as the construction of roads or other public works; neglecting thus the process education in the country. Vicente Rocafuerte founded schools and colleges in the country. The general direction of studies, which, although they provided guidelines to meet the requirement in Quito and Guayaquil were targeting other governments in Ecuador remained insufficient education for many years. (Eval, 2016) Kofi Annan said that Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family. As it has been creativity and innovation are important factors in developing countries and have to put special attention in the education as the way in which people can get more creativity and innovation and expand it. Every country has their own education system managed and directed by a government. A system education well managed and organized will have positive effects on teaching-learning of their students. For this reason is important to renew the educational model to develop creativity and imagination in students. Hence the Ecuadorian educational system has been progressing for many years. Second, society needs to stimulate creativity from an early age. According to Robinson (2012) we have to rethink the fundamental principles on which we are educating our children, because of early age they are developing their abilities. The Ecuadorian educational system needs to promote critical thinkers, innovators, and excellent citizens. The professor cannot just focus on theory in class. The educational model of Finland is leaving aside the memorization of concepts and emphasizes the development of curiosity, creativity and experimentation. To finish, people, matter of transmitting information is not the only important thing, where it is most important to learn to think. In a study UNICEF (2008), the range of ages where a person develops the capacity the capacity to reason and communicate is from four to six years of age. This period of time a child devoted all their energy and all their interest to learn and playing, which some of the activities necessary for the development of life. Where each person that is around him is responsible of his education principally the family, teachers and friends. Those people contribute to teaching that this child will develop and practice for their life. Third, the children have the need of exploring, know and act on the world that it surrounds and is starting from there build and develop their expertise. According Juscelina is the Director of Ananda Marga said that We are going to focus on their balance, boundaries, education and values. We involve the entire learning process; cognitive, intellectual, physical, and creative. (Zoomin TV World News, 2016) A child needs to make decisions and take action to control the environment that surrounds it. For this reason is important to stimulate the mind and body of the child from an early age. For instance the language of a child is poor and this is learning all the words that this listening around him. On the other hand, the movements of a child of six years are more complex than them from one of two. Therefore, Schools must take a more holistic approach to education and centering mindfulness as a component of instruction. Thus, the set of changes that experiences the child with the increa se of its age is called development, which helps him to future life. Another clear example is the Cedarsong Nature School in U.S. is defined as unstructured free time in nature resulting in an intimate, deep and personal connection to the natural world. (Kenny, 2011) This educational center focuses on children between two and six years age. The focus of this school is that children need to be outdoors to get stimulation of their brains through interacting with nature. That practical learning is the best educational approach for children. Also the teachers arouse the curiosity in the children, besides fomenting confidence in them. In times of crisis, only imagination is more important than knowledge. Albert Einstein said it because he knew that an idea might be more useful than a mathematical calculation or a chemical formula. Many characteristics of talent that a human being comes from a well-worked childhood where in areas such as art, music, sports and reading are part of parenting, as a mechanism to complement learning and understanding of exact sciences. I think we take for granted that we rely heavily on scientific creativity, whether we realize it or not, said Rex Jung (cited in Ossola), a professor of neurosurgery at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. Whether we use the advanced technology for to create new methods of communication and thus shorten distances. Also in the medical field as vaccines for any disease or simply facilitate the resolution of the problems of daily life, creativity and innovation is incredibly important to our quality of life, Jung said (cited in Ossola). Creativity is fundamental in the development of a country and social welfare of this. The capacity we have to change things and people through the creation of unimaginable things. While creativity is the meeting point between imagination and reality, the door to both our emotions and our knowledge; is a fundamental right of children and a human responsibility. Creativity is a great motivator because it makes people interested in what they are doing. Creativity gives hope that there can be a worthwhile idea. Creativity gives the possibility of some sort of achievement to everyone. Creativity makes life more fun and more interesting. Edward de Bono said. A good school does not only mean having the best grades or competing to be the best without assimilating what has been learned and without coherence between to teach and learning. For a good education you need to instruct the children on a path to love what they do. While a child is at ease with himself and his surroundings can build things that change the world towards comfort. Nowadays, education in Ecuador must development approach in the creativity of its infants. Children need principles that help them be reflective and interpret the information that teachers teach them. In addition to having knowledge in an area specifies for example, mathematical or physical, the professor must also have a preparation of as educate. Thus, that master also will have the tools necessary to mold of the best way to a student. These teachers will get the best potential of their directed and place them in the route of creativity and innovation. On the other hand, the family also has an important role in the development of creativity of sons. The parents can achieve it through the game where he proposes to the child is what experiment. It is to say to prove your potential to a problem to make you think that there are many ways to solve it and any solutions, is correct. Because this do not try to annoy child, but this tries that child travels for himself, his personal tastes and his character. So the child can motivate himself and learn as much as he wants without any limitation. So the child will be able to develop with the necessary tools to be able to face any difficulty that is presented around him. Specifically, the role of educators and parents is to be close, not wanting to eliminate their creativity in children. Also, understand that as much as children and adults, we are wrong. The mistakes the child makes will teach him not to repeat them again. In the other hand, if the child feels permanently criticized, this will generate insecurity in itself. All this will take the child to leave that use his imagining. Therefore, the child will not think that there are other ways to solve problems and he will agree what society dictates. I truly believe that everything that we do and everyone that we meet is put in our path for a purpose. According Marla Gibbs said There are no accidents; were all teachers if were willing to pay attention to the lessons we learn, trust our positive instincts and not be afraid to take risks or wait for some miracle to come knocking at our door. Finally, Ecuador cannot fail to recognize the role of the professors in education, since it is true that their role is changing in response to new demands of the knowledge society. It can be referred to an inspirational role. Furthermore, the role of government, which would be invested in the education of the country is pivotal. A good model of education helps to improve, prepare, develop virtues, and promote autonomy. The government needs to concern their effort in improving the quality of education and giving the necessary tools to children from an early age. Those people can develop things to improve not just the world, but also a tenacious society that is unafraid. Thus, those future thinkers will change their current situation in Ecuador with creativity and innovation. Works cited BrainyQuote, 2016 (2001) Marla Gibbs quotes. Available at: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/marlagibbs499846.html (Accessed: 12 December 2016). Childress, S. (2007) A Young Tinkerer builds a windmill, electrifying a nation. Available at: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119742696302722641 (Accessed: 20 November 2016). Education (2008) Available at: https://www.unicef.org/education/ (Accessed: 20 November 2016). Eval, N. (2016) Ecuador educational System-overview. Available at: http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/400/Ecuador-EDUCATIONAL-SYSTEM-OVERVIEW.html (Accessed: 8 December 2016). Hamblin, J., Ossola, A., Brannen, P., Smith, E.E., Stern, J.E., Cooper, M., Graham, D.A., Prestowitz, C., Bodenner, C., Beinart, P., Gilbert, S., Green, E., Ajaka, N., Skurie, J. and Pollock, N. (2014) Scientists are more creative than you might imagine. Available at: http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/11/the-creative-scientist/382633/ (Accessed: 13 December 2016). Jaime (2012) The Finland phenomenon: El mejor Sistema Educativo del mundo. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2JGeGNxlh4 (Accessed: 20 November 2016). Kenny, E. (2011) Cedarsong nature school. Available at: http://cedarsongnatureschool.org/forestkindergarten/forest-kindergarten/ (Accessed: 8 December 2016). In-text citations: Kelley, T., Bodenner, C., Fallows, J., Kitfield, J., Rosengren, J., McGill, A., Ossola, A., McAdams, D.P., Green, A., Mokyr, J., Goldberg, J., Bigelsen, J., Varjacques, L., Ajaka, N., Hamblin, J., Pollock, N. and Skurie, J. (2014) Scientists are more creative than you might imagine. Available at: http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/11/the-creative-scientist/382633/ (Accessed: 20 November 2016). Menninger, K.A. (2001) Karl A. Menninger quotes. Available at: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/k/karl_a_menninger.html (Accessed: 20 November 2016). Thomson, S. (2016) World economic forum on Latin America 2016. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-on-latin-america-2016 (Accessed: 20 November 2016). Zoomin TV World News (2016) Zen preschool: Wellness parenting brazil style. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-45C9kvv7A (Accessed: 8 December 2016).

College Athletes Must be Held to the Same Standards as Full-Time Studen

Despite a tendency for institutions to be lenient with college athletes, as they enjoy the benefits of full-time-student status, they must be held to the same standards as non-athlete students. Every institution has an obligation to set attendance rules; students who attend these institutions have an obligation to abide by them, however, in actuality, professors chose whether or not they’re enforced. This may cause significant problems between other students targeting a player, rather than who is responsible, the Professor. Although institutions want their students equally treated, diversity is well accepted. Existence as a college athlete contributes to diversity as well as a substantial amount of favoritism. Issues arise pertaining to how one may view an institution as well as the institution itself, due to an athlete’s gift. Though athletics contribute to a decrease in anxiety and stress, in some cases, facts show otherwise. Furthermore, every institution has a set o f rules pertaining to attendance policies, that every student, including athletes need to follow. Most institutions have similar attendance polices. Their policies include: attending regular classes on time, fully comprehending the syllabus for every class, prompt notice to instructor regarding absences due to competition and/or travel, once a certain amount of days have been missed the student is dropped, and failure to properly communicate with instructor may result in a failing grade. Policies have acknowledged the student-athlete is fully responsible for communicating with their professors regarding their attendance. They have also acknowledged students are not entitled to a certain number of absences. Most importantly, policies have stated the importance of in... ...Q Educause Quarterly.NDP. Web. 28 November 2011. Educause Quarterly Magazine, Volume 30, Number 2. 2007. www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/clickerintheclassroomanactive/157458 Pros, Cons on pay for play: yahoo. USA Today. 31 August 2004. Web. 25 November 2014. www.usatoday.com/sports/2004-08-31-pros-cons-pay_x.htm Taylor, Donald L. "A Comparison Of College Athletic Participants And Nonparticipants Of Self-Esteem." Journal Of College Student Development 36.5 (1995): 444-51. ERIC. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. Student Athlete Class Attendance Policy: JEFFCO. Viking Intercollegiate Athletics. 14 October 2011. Web. 25 November 2014. Jefferson College Policy. www.jeffco.edu.edu/athletics/inex.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=287&Itemid=256 Worsnop, Richard L. "College Sports." CQ Researcher 26 Aug. 1994: 745-68. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.

Diskobolos vs. Ramesses Ii

Diskobolos vs. Ramesses II There are many unique qualities in art that depict the different time periods. One can decipher specific eras based on the attributes of the painting or sculpture. Ancient Egypt sculptures are completely different from Ancient Greece sculptures by way of body position, facial expressions and materials used. Understanding backgrounds, time periods, and history of the sculptures are important when analyzing the works of art. Ramesses II is located at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology. The statue was found at the Heracleopolis, Temple of Harsaphes, in Egypt â€Å"(Ramesses II). Archaeologists believe that the sculpture was made somewhere between 1897 and 1834 B. C during the time of the Middle Kingdom. The facial expression and body language illustrates his desire to be timeless. The sculpture is positioned in such a way that the body looks like it could stand the test of time. Made out of Quartzite stone, this sculpture is designed to pres erve the Pharaoh’s power and immortality. The Pharaoh is seated with both hands and feet placed purposely close to his body to signify success, reign and power. He sits upright in a tranquil manner reflecting power and kingship †(Ramesses II). Every inch of his body is made to perfection. His proportions are impeccable and is represents that of a god. The face of Ramesses is much, like all of the other Ancient Egyptian rulers during this tie period. The face has no personal qualities. â€Å"The same characteristics appear on almost all of his statues: a receding forehead with prominent brows; thoughtful, slightly downcast eyes; an aquiline nose with a broad bridge and rounded tip and a narrow mouth â€Å"(Ramasses II). The statue of Ramesses II is rather similar to the statue of Khafra. Ramesses II is seated in the exact same position as Khafra. Their hands and feet are close to the body while their faces have no personal attributes that give them their own identity. Both Statues were made to signify power and control. They wanted to be timeless and appear motionless. (See Figure 1) Figure 1. Statue of Ramesses II. The Ancient Greece era occurred after the Ancient Egyptian era and they had a very different design ascetic. In the classical period the Greeks created sculptures that were more life like. The sculptures actually looked like they were moving. Limbs were away from the body unlike that of Egyptian sculptures. The statues were asymmetrical and were positioned in a non-conventional way. A sculpture that has these characteristics is Diskobolos, It was originally created in bronze around 460-450 B. C. The statue is of a man about to throw a disk. He is bent at the waist with one arm out to the side. The potential energy expressed in this sculpture's tightly-wound pose, expressing the moment of stasis just before the release, is an example of the advancement of Classical sculpture from the Egyptian period†(Diskobolos). This position demonstrates harmony and balance because every inch of his body is working together to create a smooth movement and throw. Each movement is essential to establish the position. â€Å" The working left arm balances the engaged right leg in the forward position an d the relaxed right arm balances the free left leg†(Janson, 124). The facial features are much more realistic. In this sculpture his face looks like he is working hard and focusing on the game. Emotions were thought out at this time period when creating art. If someone was happy they looked like it and if some was in pain they had the look of extreme discomfort. Also the idea of movement is really predominant in this time period. All the statues look like they are going to take a step or throw something in order to create movement. (See figure 2) figure 2. Statue of Diskobolus Both Greek and Egypt Sculptures have considerable differences but they also have some similarities. Both cultures valued the idea of a perfect muscular body yet one valued movement over timelessness. Each culture is unique with the artwork and sculptures that they left behind for us to study. They each donated something special to us and each art style had a profound effect on how we look and judge art. Works Cited â€Å"Discobolus. † Sir Thomas Browne. Web. 17 Nov. 2009. . Janson, H. W. Janson's history of art the western tradition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2007. Print. â€Å"Ramesses II. † Grove Art Onine. Oxford university press. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. .

Classical Economics vs. Keynesian Economics Essay Example

Classical Economics vs. Keynesian Economics Essay Example Classical Economics vs. Keynesian Economics Essay Classical Economics vs. Keynesian Economics Essay Classical Economics vs. Keynesian Economics For the first time, the younger generations in America who have only studied about the Great Depression witnessed noticeable inflation, severe economic downturn and drastic measures taken by the U. S. government as the economic crisis unfolded. In order for us to make sense of what we have learned in the classrooms, we will examine the Classical and the Keynesian schools of the economic thought and the standpoint of Mr. Ben Bernanke and the current administration. Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations of 1776 marked the beginning of the Classical school of economic thought. It focuses on long run solutions and it’s most notable for the idea of the free market that can self-regulate and self-adjust towards equilibrium without any intervention. Another fundamental idea is the â€Å"invisible hand† mechanism that could move a market to its natural equilibrium. This school of thought is constructed on several key assumptions. First, Classical economists assume that the prices of wages and commodities to be extremely flexible. Under this assumption, there should be no unemployment and the commodity markets should always be in equilibrium. Second, the Classical economics is based on supply and the aggregate production in an economy must generate enough income to purchase all the economy’s output. Third, the household savings must equal to the capital investment expenditures. In case of inequality, the interest rates should be able to automatically restore equilibrium. As the Great Depression exposed several flaws with the Classical economics, John M. Keynes introduced the Keynesian school of thought. The Keynesian theory bluntly points out that there is no â€Å"invisible hand† which could miraculously get us out of economic difficulties, and that government intervention is critical to growth and stability. Whereas the Classical theory focuses on long run, Keynesian theory focuses on short run. It also states that there will always be unemployment and government interventions should be employed to assist the economy through rough times. Keynesian economics is also based on several key assumptions. First, prices for wages and commodities are not very flexible due to constraints such as laws, nions, long-term wage agreements and supplier contracts. Second, Keynesian economics stresses on demand and actual household disposable income. It points out that in reality, only a fraction of the household income is used for consumption expenditures. Third, Keynesian theory dictates that household savings and investments are based on disposable income and that the incentive to save fo r future investments lies with the expected rate of return. Keynesian theory also states that most of the economic problems could be solved with fiscal policy and monetary policy. At this point, one may ask what is our current administration’s standpoint. First, the government intervened and bailed out institutions that were â€Å"too big to fail. † Second, the government has been pumping money into the economy to create artificial inflation. Third, the Fed has been employing monetary policy to keep interest rates at their all time low in an effort to stimulate lending, borrowing and consumer spending. In light of the government’s recent actions, it becomes clear that Mr. Bernanke and the current administration are utilizing Keynesian economics to revive the economy.

Introduction Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay Essay Example

Introduction Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay Essay Example Introduction Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay Essay Introduction Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay Essay Today, the development of concern confronts multiple challenges and jobs because some public companies, including non-profit organisations, tend to fraud and manipulate with information every bit good as fiscal resources to better their public presentation and to keep their positive public image. At the same clip, the ignorance of basic regulations and norms of concern moralss leads to downfall of big organisations. In this regard, it is deserving adverting the instance of Enron which really stimulated legislators to modulate public companies accounting to increase their transparence and dependability. In such a state of affairs, legislators seemingly attempted to protect investors and stakeholders from possible losingss caused by deceitful actions of some individuals playing taking parts in public presentation of public companies. In footings of new regulatory policies the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was implemented in 2002 to protect investors and better public companies answerability. On analysing the debut of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, it is necessary to take into consideration the context in which the act was implemented and grounds why it was implemented. In this respect, the Enron dirt played the cardinal function in the execution of the act. The Enron dirt has revealed legion jobs that exists in the modern American concern every bit good as political relations. At the same clip, the nucleus of all the jobs of Enron ballads in the outlook of top executives and such big corporations every bit Enron every bit good as smaller 1s. In actuality, the discord for net income and maximization of net incomes become the dominant factors which define the policy of companies and their schemes. In such a context, it is possible to gauge that such a chase of maximal net income is based on the rule that ends justify agencies. On the other manus, the negative experience of Enron absolutely proves the extent to which this rule is erroneous and to what black effects the dis cord for maximal net incomes can take. In such a state of affairs, it is obvious that the dominating A ; acirc ; ˆ?bottom line A ; acirc ; ˆA? outlook of corporations should be wholly changed and corporations should be witting of high hazards of their discord for maximal net incomes. On analysing the current state of affairs and modern concern environment, it is necessary to underscore that fast and immense net income goes in front of ethical issues and moral concerns in the modern concern. As a consequence, basic moral and ethical norms are easy violated when a corporation receives a opportunity to increase its net incomes systematically. In fact, today, moralss and morality are inferior, while net income is superior and it is really hard to alter such a outlook. However, it is necessary to get down moving right now to alter the state of affairs for better. In this regard, it is possible to urge debut of ethical codifications which could specify basic ethical norms and rules modulating the relationship within corporations between executives and employees every bit good as the policy of corporations and its external dealingss with its client and concern spouses. However, the creative activity of ethical codifications is instead a benevolent action which does non take to existent legal duty of corporations for its unfair or unethical policies. At the same clip, it is obvious that Enron has violated non merely ethical but besides legal norms. Therefore, the Enron dirt could be prevented if governmental bureaus performed their maps efficaciously. The province control over the policy of the company and the correspondence of its actions to the bing legal norms could minimise the hazard of the failure of Enron. Furthermore, the force per unit area from the portion of the province in the signifier of a rigorous control could increase the duty of top executives of Enron and, therefore, it could forestall the ruin of the corporation and the dirt which accompanied the ruin. In such a manner, it is possible to reason that the current profit-oriented outlook can be changed on the status that actions are undertaken in two dimensions. On the one manus, corporations should alter their policies and organisational civilization and go ethically more responsible that may necessitate the debut of ethical codifications in corporations. On the other manus, the function of the province is really important since the province is the major regulator which should command the legality of policies of corporations. In such a manner, the Enron dirt revealed the ineffectualness of bing ordinances and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was supposed to better the state of affairs. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act enhances fiscal coverage of public organisations, including non-profit organisations. The legislators attempted to do fiscal describing more crystalline and prevent any hazard of fraud or uses. For this intent, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act introduced the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board which should supervise and command fiscal coverage of a public company. In add-on, the act stressed the independency of hearers that maximized the effectivity and objectiveness of scrutinizing minimising the hazard of mistakes and misunderstanding of fiscal facts. The act increased the corporation duty for the truth and completeness of corporate fiscal studies. The act enhanced fiscal revelations and defined the behavior of securities analysts to increase the assurance of investors in transparence and dependability of public organisations. In such a state of affairs, a non-profit organisation should besides better its accounting system to run into the Sarbanes-Oxley Act A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s demands. In this regard, it should be said that the non-profit organisation should present alterations to run into the demands of the act. To set it more exactly, the non-profit organisation has to make the public company oversight board which should include independent professionals who can supervise and command fiscal coverage of the non-profit organisation to turn out the populace that the non-profit organisations maps in conformity to bing legal norms. In add-on, the board will be a auxiliary component of control to forestall the hazard of frauds in fiscal coverage of the organisations. Furthermore, the non-profit organisation may necessitate to alter its hearers and extent their entree to the organisation A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s fiscal coverage and accounting. In such a manner, it will be possible to maximise the indep endency of hearers and to show the transparence of the organisation. Furthermore, the non-profit organisation should concentrate on the development of an effectual accounting system and fiscal coverage to do it more crystalline and governable. Therefore, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 purposes at the bar of frauds and sweetening of fiscal coverage of public companies, including non-profit organisations. The latter may necessitate to present alterations mentioned above to run into demands of the act.

Midterm-10 questions essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Midterm-10 questions essay - Assignment Example cant in developing marketing strategy because it aligns the organizational objectives with the marketing activities such as developing, distributing, promoting and pricing products to meet the demands of the customers. Marketing planning involves a thorough analysis of the marketing environment and industry taking into account economic, legal, political, social, regulatory and competitive forces that have an impact on the company. SWOT analysis is an important analysis tool in this regard to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a firm. Strengths and weaknesses help in internal analysis of the company while threats and opportunities help in the external analysis. 3. Five types of forces play their role in the marketing environment. These are competitive; economic; political, legal & regulatory; technological and socio-cultural. Competition may occur in brands, products, budget or in all of them. Competition leads to various types of market structures such as monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition and pure competition. The state of the economy leads to business cycles which influence the customers’ buying power. Similarly, government policies and regulations have a great impact on firms especially multi-national firms. Technology has an impact on demand, production, packaging and distribution. Socio-cultural factors include demographic, cultural and other social factors. 4. Ethics is an important consideration in marketing decisions because it leads to consumer goodwill and welfare. The companies actively participating in social responsibility can actually leverage such platforms to promote their products as well in order to fulfill the dual objectives of such initiatives. One of the examples of ethics in marketing is the use of Green marketing where companies adopt environment friendly ways to market and sell their products. This also helps in creating a positive image of the company in consumer mind space. 5. In the first step

Change Resistance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Change Resistance - Essay Example These researchers underline that in such cuntries as Pland and Russia resistance t change is influenced by cultural traditins and unique values. Mst individuals prefer wrking life t prceed accrding t accustmed nrms. Changing the nrms brings disruptin, t say the least, and there is n guarantee that the visin f the future will find favr with thse n whm it is t be impsed. Different authrs have different views and understanding f resistance t change, its causes and management techniques. Shared values act as a kind f infrmal cntrl system that tells peple what is expected f them. In ding s, values can be mre r less pervasive in the sense f being shared by many r a few, and strng in the sense f being felt mre r less intensively (characterizing crprate cultures will be discussed again later in this chapter). Pervasive and strng values may affect perfrmance psitively by increasing dedicatin and pinting at what shuld be given extrardinary attentin. Hwever, pervasive and strng values can als h ave a negative effect: they may be incnsistent, may becme bslescent and/r may lead t a massive resistance t change, even if change is needed. Burnes (2000), Carnall (1992) and Cch and French (1998) state that the prblem with any planned change in Rmania, the Czech Republic and Slvak Republic has been planned and therefre managers wh have initiated the change largely define the expected utcmes befrehand. Similar t ther Pst-Sviet Unin cuntries, in Rmania, the Czech Republic and Slvak Republic natinal values and traditins are imprtant in day-t-day business. What brings values t life, hwever, is the awareness f everyne in the rganizatin f them and why they are imprtant. Values alne are nt enugh, it is the extensive sharing f them that makes a difference. Believing that peple are a cmpany's greatest resurce and acting accrdingly means, amng ther things, t keep in mind the implicit, but pwerful, frce f values shared by the members f the rganizatin f a cmpany (which in turn shape the behavir f its individuals and grups) and t realize that managing peple is nt thrugh (r at least nt directly thrugh) mems frm budget meetings r cmpu ter reprts, but thrugh the subtle cues f a culture. Emplyees resists changes because they are afraid f unknwn and new circumstances. Similar t previus researchers, Cllins (1998) and Chnk (2006) underline that the human being is capable f cmplying in terms f behavirs while withhlding cmmitment lng term. These researchers fund that EU wrkfrce represents a unique envirnment marked by lw mtivatin and lw prductivity levels. In all EU acceding cuntries, resistance t change is a natural prcess influenced by fear t lse jbs and surce f incme. When faced with such massive change and cultural resistance , a cmpany shuld ask itself if it is really necessary t change many f the fundamental rganizatinal factrs, and if the changes can be made with any real expectatin that they will be acceptable and successful. If the answer is 'n', the cmpany shuld seriusly recnsider and refrmulate its strategic plan. Hwever, the difference between suppsedly unavidable failure (e.g. Russia) and excessive cst depends, accrding t the structuralists, largely n the degree f mnplizatin f the ecnmy. As a result, the

Management Research Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Research Proposal - Assignment Example Being able to increase profit margins has been one of the main points of interest among most shareholders (Moynihan 2012). Top managements of organizations have found themselves in the state of concentrating their attention towards profit maximization, as desired by shareholders. However there is one important aspect of management that need to be given attention by shareholders, management and other members of staff in an organization. Both non-profit and profit making organizations need to identify monitor and benchmark their operational activities. The progress of organizations can not just be measured in terms of profits made only but a thorough understanding of key performance factors has to be considered (Ngo 2013). Various assessment techniques need to be used by organizational management in determining the progress as well as impacts brought about by their operational activities. Managers ought to determine all relevant factors detailing the progress made by their organization (IÅŸÄ ±k 2013). Since the visions, missions and goals are aimed at outlining activities as well as offering guidelines on the desired actions to be undertaken by organizations, managers need to keep track of progress attained (Luo 2012). Therefore, this research proposal will seek to determine the need for organizational managers to embrace performance indicators in assessing the level of progress achieved (PopoviÄ  2012). The main reason leading to selection of the role of performance indicators towards success of business an organization was as a result of interacting with managers from different organizations. Most of them were concerned about identifying approaches that could enable them monitor the progress registered by their organizations as well as gauging achievements that can be clearly presented to both internal and external clients. Almost every successful business organizations apply performance indicators.

Does Ethnicity and Language to the Degree of Parent Involvement in Schools Essay Example for Free

Does Ethnicity and Language to the Degree of Parent Involvement in Schools Essay Many recent studies have indicated that parent involvement can make significant differences to outcomes at schools. Why some parents become involved more than others in their childrens education has been the subject of past studies, and ethnic minority status (especially Black and Hispanic) have been associated in the past with poor involvement compared to whites. But other studies have shown completely opposite conclusions i. e. parental involvement is higher in ethnic groups than whites. The critique: This questionnaire study of teachers and parents was a multi-dimensional investigation into the role of ethnicity in parental involvement in schooling found that Black parents perceive that they take a more active role in their childrens schooling than any other ethnic group. By contrast the teachers perceptions on the issue were drastically opposite – teachers reported much lower levels of alliance with Black parents than White or Hispanic parents. The fact that fewer than 4% of teachers in this study were blacks probably has been a significant factor in this regard. One of the main weaknesses of this study is a lack of verifiability – it was entirely based on questionnaires, without any involvement of students themselves. Secondly the fact that the population consisted entirely of low-performers may have introduced a source of bias in the study. There were also inadequate measures of ruling out the effect of other confounding factors e. g. education level, incomes of households which made it difficult to compare ethnicity properly. Finally, some ethnic groups returned more questionnaire than others, making it difficult to conduct a like for like study. Conclusion : More studies are needed, carried out in a more rigorous method, before the true effect of ethnicity on parental involvement with schools can be established.

Hamlet theme of appearance vs. reality Essay -- essays research papers

Shakespeare examines the theme of appearance and reality in his book-Hamlet. The dilemma of what is "real" is established at the very beginning of the play. Hamlet doesn’t know what to believe and devises a plan to find out. The old king Hamlet appears to be bitten by a snake, but in reality he was poisoned, the ghost appears as an apparition, but it’s actually real, and the play-with-in-a-play strongly depicts the theme of appearance vs. reality. The dead King appears to have been bitten by a snake. In reality, he has been poisoned. Everyone believes that the king died from snakebite, but once Hamlet knows the truth he is unsettled by the revelation. When Hamlet's dead father directs his son to, â€Å"Avenge him of his foul and most unnatural murder† (1.5. 25), Hamlet's response shows determination to act and a curiosity to know all the facts surrounding the murder: (1.5. 29-31) "Haste me to know't, that I, with wings as swift, as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge.† Hamlet's choice of image is significant here. A person who wants to take revenge rarely has "thoughts of love" but only concentrates upon thoughts of revenge, but Hamlet's thirst for revenge is immediate and deep. Shakespeare also develops the theme of appearance vs. reality when Hamlet resents his mother's insinuation that he is putting on a show of being grief-stricken. Strangely, he is the only one in th e family who is truly mourning ...

Cultural Awareness in Counselling Practices Essay

I have chosen to focus this assignment on the Aboriginal and Vietnamese cultures. I hope to be working in an area which will have these two cultures as the dominant groups. The reason I have focussed on Vietnamese refugees instead of the culture of Vietnam as a whole is that the facility I hope to work in has refugees as its main client group. I will give an overview of my research into how best to work in a counselling relationship with people from Aboriginal and Vietnamese cultures, ensuring that I am as culturally sensitive and aware as possible. Aboriginal culture and counselling: Most research indicates that cultural barriers are the major reason why Aboriginal people are discouraged or dissuaded from using the mental health service. As practitioners, counsellors have often failed to identify, acknowledge and recognise the central role of Indigenous culture. Historically, there has been a long period of mistrust among the Aboriginal people and white Australians. Federal governments for much of the twentieth century developed paternalistic policies and practices that regarded the removal of children from Aboriginal families as essential for their welfare. Continuing statutory responsibilities for the protection of children have made many Aboriginal women fear approaching the Department of Family and Community Services for assistance, especially in domestic violence and child abuse issues. It is a fact that Aboriginal people have and continue to experience being discriminated against by white Australians. A large socio-economic gap exists between white Australians and Aboriginal people. Despite there having been recorded experiences of both Aboriginal counsellors and non-Aboriginal counsellors attempting to keep Aboriginal clients engaged in the mental health service, it is evident that some Aboriginal clients may only turn up for one or two sessions but drop out of the system. The possible factors behind their lack of motivation to keep engaging in counselling service may lie in the means of assistance they are looking for. The problems of engaging Aboriginal clients in mental health services exist mainly because mainstream services have not provided relevant responses to their crisis situation. Aboriginal clients would first seek practical assistance such as refugee accommodation and food, and they would also seek assistance from their families, extended families or their own communities. Aboriginal people have retained strong kinship ties and extended family commitments. As in traditional times, Aboriginal people feel a great obligation to their kinship ties. The extended family will always be first in helping if there is a crisis or even a slight problem. Only when they cannot get enough or suitable help from their extended family or their own community, will they turn to outside help or support. There are particular issues to be aware of when working in a counselling role with Aboriginal clients. For example, it is not suitable to refer to a dead person by name and Aboriginal people view hallucination or delusion as spiritual experience not necessarily as symptoms of mental illness. Eye contact is considered offensive to Aboriginal people. Making eye contact (particularly with some one of the opposite sex) is shaming. Gender rules within Aboriginal cultures are important and must be respected whenever possible regarding intervention. Ideally, women staff should work with women and male staff should work with men. Women may feel embarrassed talking to male staff and men may feel shame if helped by female staff. In building a trust with Aboriginal people, most Aboriginal people would prefer to work with an Aboriginal worker regarding their problems. However situations may arise where clients may know or be related to an Aboriginal worker. They may feel shame or be restricted through kinship rules in discussing personal problems with them. Fear that the worker will breach confidentiality with the local community may be another concern. Where possible, clients should be given the choice of both Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal workers. Aboriginal clients will usually take the initiative in seeking assistance when a crisis emerges, such as domestic violence or services being disconnected, or having no money to buy food and other essentials for their children. Aboriginal people would first consider practical forms of assistance, such crisis care, financial assistance, medical services, accommodation, food when a domestic problem arises. This sort of assistance is what they really need and want, not just â€Å"talk therapy†. Before they can sort out their basic living problems, they may not have the capacity or attention to deal with other psychological issues. Once Aboriginal clients have settled down and can take a calmer approach to their predicament, it still does not guarantee they will stay with the mental health service. It is not uncommon that once they have solved a problem, they will feel it not necessary to remain a part of the service but may come back a few months later for help when another issue arises. If mental health service workers, for example, have patiently developed a good relationship or rapport with them, counsellors can take advantage of this by reminding their clients of the good they can do when relationships or domestic situations are at risk. The ability of counsellors to invite clients to talk about their problems may make it possible to explore other problems. Aboriginal clients’ particular issues or crises may be linked to other problems, such as child abuse, alcoholism, mental health, unemployment and parenting problems. It is crucial for counsellors to build a trusting relationship with the Aboriginal community. A relationship that is simply based on â€Å"talk therapy† will not work for Aboriginal clients. Counsellors need to know where to get practical assistance for Aboriginal clients. Otherwise, Aboriginal clients may only turn to those services that they feel can really assist them. A counselling service that provides support and practical assistance can become a meaningful referral point within the Aboriginal community. Vietnamese refugees and counselling: My research found that there are three recommended points of entry for developing trust and rapport with Vietnamese refugees. These are: Self- presentation of the Counsellor; Approaching the problem and Working through an Issue. Self Presentation of the Counsellor: The style and presentation of the counsellor could be described as ‘being a friend’ to the traumatised client. ‘Being a friend’ does not at all mean shedding the professional counselling role with boundaries and ethics, but rather means that counsellors dealing with these clients should be caring, sharing and acting as a true friend would normally be. Communicating caring to Vietnamese clients is being friendly, warm, interested in family, attentive to concerns raised, being an empathic listener, trying to understand and respond to non-verbal communications, and being ready to assist with practical matters. Presenting ‘as a friend’ also means that counsellors may initially have to share, or disclose, a little more about themselves than usual. This is often necessary to put Vietnamese clients at ease and win their trust. Another dimension of being a ‘friendly’ counsellor is being a ‘friend in need’. Many counsellors of Indochinese refugee clients have found it vital to assume multiple helping roles and to be actively involved in providing them with practical assistance or concrete services that provide immediate results, before engaging them in dealing with past trauma or in making important self-disclosures. Approaching a problem: The success of establishing trust and rapport with Vietnamese clients is not only dependent upon the way that counsellors present themselves as described above, but also upon the way they approach a problem. Within Vietnamese culture there are distinct ways of dealing with problems. Prominent features of the Vietnamese style include indirect expression of feelings, reluctance to confront conflictual situations, preference for allowing time to work out seemingly insoluble problems, and reliance on personal inner strength in facing difficulties. Given the quite different ways of dealing with problems in Vietnamese culture, we would like to suggest that non-Vietnamese counsellors have to move slowly and gently and approach with the right timing. Following a respectful, slow pace suitable to the client is important, especially during the rapport building stage, to avoid jarring or offending the client. The timing of approaching the problem is important for maintaining the relationship and for resolving the problem. If the counsellor takes the initiative to bring up an issue, it is important to do this gently, keeping in mind the cultural norm of ‘saving face’ and the risk of confrontation. Working through an Issue: As issues begin to be worked through, there are three suggested ways of continuing to build rapport and trust with Vietnamese clients: working with somatisation, working from here and now and working through the family. A great number of Vietnamese refugees express their experience of emotional distress under the guise of physical symptoms such as headache, fatigue, insomnia. As somatisation is a culturally acceptable way of presenting mental problems, counsellors can work with these problems first, before moving onto deeper levels. Most Vietnamese refugees are concerned with day-to-day survival. Offering them practical assistance is seen as offering much needed help and assisting to set up a trusting relationship and also an external environment in which emotional issues can be more safely worked through. For Vietnamese, the family plays an important role, in a resettlement country as well as in their country of origin. It appears to be present and influential in many issues, which the Vietnamese client discusses in the session. The family can support or sabotage the relationship between the therapist and the patient. Therefore, in post-trauma counselling with Vietnamese clients, dealing with the family dimension is crucial for the building of trust and understanding and for the success of the intervention. As in all counselling interventions, it is essential to build trust between Vietnamese-born clients and their counsellors. Points of entry rather than barriers have been referred to in the three aspects of counselling refugees. Credibility and giving are seen as being crucial in this process. Counselling can be of great benefit to helping Vietnamese refugees on the road to recovery from trauma. Vietnamese refugees have a great need for company, because they have suffered multiple losses, including faith in the goodness of humanity. Through a counsellor establishing a trusting relationship with them, they could regain this faith, so as to enable them to live the life that they have made huge sacrifices for. Prior to undertaking this assignment I had felt that my cultural awareness of both the Aboriginal and Vietnamese communities was very high. I have travelled extensively in Vietnam and had the opportunity to teach English there. My research into trauma and Vietnamese refugee status in Australia has certainly changed a lot of my views. I could almost say that with my basic Vietnamese language and extensive travels I had been feeling almost complacency about dealing with Vietnamese clients. I have learned that there are many parallels between the Aboriginal and Vietnamese refugee cultures. Both are in trauma; both need to have their immediate needs met before effective counselling can take place. My research into Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs has certainly given the actual practice of counselling clients in trauma an effective framework to work within. As does Erikson’s Stages of Development. Traumatised clients will have interrupted stages of development. These will need to be addressed after the initial and immediate needs are met. I had also felt that I had a particularly good understanding of the Aboriginal culture, having worked in Indigenous education. My research for this assignment highlighted that there are many gaps to my understanding. I had not taken into account that many Aboriginal people are actually in severe crisis when they do seek help. Similar to the Vietnamese people in trauma, they would first try to find support within their kin, tribe or immediate family. When a breakdown of this occurs, outside help is sought but this is fraught with fear, shame and often misunderstanding. This has been a vital assignment for me to undertake and I will continue to seek current research and counselling developments in the areas of Aboriginal mental health and refugee trauma counselling. References Armstrong, T. (2002). Counselling Interventions and Indigenous mental health. Medicine Australia,http://www.medicineau.net.au/clinical/abhealth/abhealt1345.html. Blagg, H. (2000). Crisis Intervention in Aboriginal Family Violence, Summary report. Crime Research Centre, University of Western Australia. Chambers, A. (1990). Responding to Domestic Violence: Spouse Abuse. Guidelines to Practice. Department for Community Services, Western Australia, September 1990. Nguyen & Robin Bowles authors, published in the Journal of Australian Social Work, June 1998.